Xanthoxyletin is a coumarin that can be extracted from plants of the genera Zanthoxylum and Xanthoxyletin. Xanthoxyletin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Xanthoxyletin is cytotoxic to cancer cells and causes apoptosis and necrosis. Xanthoxyletin may be used in cancer and inflammation research.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C15H14O4
Molecular Weight	258.27
Exact Mass	258.089
CAS #	84-99-1
PubChem CID	66548
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
Density	1.2±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	438.6±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	134-135℃ (ethanol )
Flash Point	197.2±28.8 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±1.1 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.570
LogP	3.64
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	4
Rotatable Bond Count	1
Heavy Atom Count	19
Complexity	437
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	O=C1C=CC2C(=CC3=C(C=2OC)C=CC(C)(C)O3)O1
InChi Key	JSJIIHRNDMLJGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C15H14O4/c1-15(2)7-6-10-12(19-15)8-11-9(14(10)17-3)4-5-13(16)18-11/h4-8H,1-3H3
Chemical Name	5-methoxy-2,2-dimethylpyrano[3,2-g]chromen-8-one
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	Xanthoxyletin (1-500 µM; 30 minutes) suppresses DPPH free radicals with IC50 values of 247.1 μM and 63.8 μg/mL, as well as a ferric reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAP) value of 45.2 μM[2]. For HepG2, HCT116, and SK-LU-1 cancer cells, xanthoxyletin (10-500µM; 24 hours) exhibits cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 78.2, 79.8, and 94.4 μM, in that order [2]. By inducing apoptosis and causing modest necrosis, xanthoxyletin (78 and 156 μM; 12 and 24 hours) works [2]. Time: twenty-four hours found that while it had no effect on Vero cells, it was cytotoxic to HepG2, HCT116, and SK-LU-1.
Cell Assay	Apoptosis Analysis[2] Cell Types: HepG2 cell line[2] Tested Concentrations: 78 and 156 μM Incubation Duration: 12 and 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Induced apoptosis percentage of 49.6% and 64.2% at the dose of 78 and 156 μM, respectively. demonstrated a better apoptosis inducing effect that cisplatin.
References	[1]. Histamine H4 receptor stimulation in the locus coeruleus attenuates neuropathic pain by promoting the coeruleospinal noradrenergic inhibitory pathway. Eur J Pharmacol. 2020 Feb 5;868:172859. [2]. Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction of Coumarins and Carbazole Alkaloids from Clausena harmandiana. Molecules. 2019 Sep 18;24(18):3385.
Additional Infomation	Xanthoxyletin is a member of coumarins. It has a role as a metabolite. Xanthoxyletin has been reported in Citrus reticulata, Citrus medica, and other organisms with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.8719 mL	19.3596 mL	38.7192 mL
	5 mM	0.7744 mL	3.8719 mL	7.7438 mL
	10 mM	0.3872 mL	1.9360 mL	3.8719 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.