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Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C6H10CLN3O2 |
| Molecular Weight | 191.62 |
| CAS # | 645-35-2 |
| Appearance | White to off-white solid powder |
| Boiling Point | 458.9ºC at 760 mmHg |
| Flash Point | 231.3ºC |
| LogP | 0.866 |
| SMILES | Cl[H].O([H])C([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])C1=C([H])N=C([H])N1[H])N([H])[H])=O |
| Synonyms | L-Histidine hydrochloride |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| Targets | Microbial Metabolite Human Endogenous Metabolite |
| ln Vitro | L-histidine completely inhibits growth and its effect on viability is inversely related to FLO11 expression. L-histidine does not affect the viability of the Δflo11 and S288c strains. L-histidine dramatically decreases air-liquid biofilm formation and adhesion to polystyrene of the flor yeasts with no effect on the transcription level of the FLO11 gene. Moreover, L-histidine modifies the chitin and glycans content on the cell-wall of flor yeasts[1]. |
| ln Vivo | L-histidine (100 mg/kg) completely inhibits the brain edema in thioacetamide-treated rats[2]. Histamine release stimulated by high K+ from the hypothalamus in the L-histidine diet group is 60% of that in the control group. However, the concentrations of other monoamines and their metabolites are not changed by the L-histidine diet. The open-field tests show that the L-histidine diet group spends a shorter amount of time in the central zone, and the light/dark box tests demonstrate that the L-histidine diet group spends a shorter amount of time in the light box, suggesting that the L-histidine diet induced anxiety-like behaviors[3]. |
| References |
[1]. L-histidine inhibits biofilm formation and FLO11-associated phenotypes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae flor yeasts. PLoS One. 2014 Nov 4;9(11):e112141. [2]. Brain edema in acute liver failure: inhibition by L-histidine. Am J Pathol. 2010 Mar;176(3):1400-8. [3]. Insufficient intake of L-histidine reduces brain histamine and causes anxiety-like behaviors in male mice. J Nutr. 2014 Oct;144(10):1637-41. [4]. L-histidine inhibits biofilm formation and FLO11-associated phenotypes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae flor yeasts. PLoS One. 2014 Nov 4;9(11):e112141. [5]. Brain edema in acute liver failure: inhibition by L-histidine. Am J Pathol. 2010 Mar;176(3):1400-8. [6]. Insufficient intake of L-histidine reduces brain histamine and causes anxiety-like behaviors in male mice. J Nutr. 2014 Oct;144(10):1637-41. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.2187 mL | 26.0933 mL | 52.1866 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0437 mL | 5.2187 mL | 10.4373 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5219 mL | 2.6093 mL | 5.2187 mL |