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Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C56H86F3N15O11 |
| Molecular Weight | 1202.37 |
| Related CAS # | GLP-1(28-36)amide;1225021-13-5 |
| Appearance | Typically exists as solid at room temperature |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| ln Vitro | Distinct from DPP-IV, NEP is extensively present in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiac cells, and renal epithelial cells. It cleaves GLP-1(7-36)amide or GLP-1(9-36)amide to produce GLP-1(28-36)amide[1]. Hepatocytes treated for 24 hours at 100 nM GLP-1(28-36)amide directly regulates oxidative metabolism in the mitochondria, including gluconeogenesis[1]. GLP-1(28–36)amide has a longer plasma half-life in human hepatocytes (t1/2 = 24 min) than in mouse hepatocytes (t1/2 = 13 min)[1]. |
| ln Vivo | In obese mice generated by food, the development of hepatic steatosis is inhibited by giving GLP-1(28-36)amide at a dose of 18.5 nmol/kg BW/day for nine weeks[1]. A diabetic mouse model with β-cell damage showed cytoprotective effects on pancreatic β cells after receiving a once-daily intraperitoneal injection of 18 nmol/kg GLP-1(28-36)amide for nine weeks. This was achieved by increased mass and promotion of proliferation. A six-week injection of 18.5 nmol/kg GLP-1(28-36)amide, which is linked to elevated cAMP levels and phosphorylation of the PKA target, was found to promote hepatic glucose clearance in an in vivo research conducted in mice fed a high-fat diet[1]. Male C57BL6/J mice (10–12 weeks old) were given GLP-1(28) -36)amide for 20 minutes. After that, the isolated hearts experienced global ischemia for 30 minutes and reperfusion for 40 minutes. Out of the two groups, the GLP-1(28–36)amide group's left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) recovered significantly more than the hearts treated with vehicle[1]. |
| References | [1]. Bilan Zhou, et al. GLP-1(28-36)amide, a Long Ignored Peptide Revisited. Open Biochem J. 2014 Dec 31;8:107-11. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.8317 mL | 4.1585 mL | 8.3169 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1663 mL | 0.8317 mL | 1.6634 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0832 mL | 0.4158 mL | 0.8317 mL |