GLP-1(32-36)amide, a pentapeptide extracted from the C-terminus of the sugar-regulating hormone GLP-1. GLP-1(32-36)amide inhibits weight gain and regulates systemic glucose metabolism in diabetic mice.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C25H50N10O5
Molecular Weight	570.73
Exact Mass	570.396
CAS #	1417302-71-6
Related CAS #	GLP-1(32-36)amide TFA
PubChem CID	71497119
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
LogP	-1.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	9
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	8
Rotatable Bond Count	20
Heavy Atom Count	40
Complexity	861
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	4
SMILES	CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N)N
InChi Key	VCMIHDDYZTYYJC-JPLJXNOCSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C25H50N10O5/c1-14(2)12-16(27)22(38)35-20(15(3)4)24(40)34-18(8-5-6-10-26)23(39)32-13-19(36)33-17(21(28)37)9-7-11-31-25(29)30/h14-18,20H,5-13,26-27H2,1-4H3,(H2,28,37)(H,32,39)(H,33,36)(H,34,40)(H,35,38)(H4,29,30,31)/t16-,17-,18-,20-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	(2S)-6-amino-N-[2-[[(2S)-1-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]hexanamide
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	In INS-1 cells, GLP-1(32-36)amide (0.1–10 μM; 24 h) prevents apoptosis and preserves cell viability when exposed to Streptozotocin (STZ; 1 μM)[2].
ln Vivo	In diabetic mice, GLP-1(32-36)amide (1 μmol/kg; intraperitoneally once daily for 21 days) prevents damage to the islet, prevents weight gain, and alleviates polydipsia symptoms[2]. In normal animals, GLP-1(32-36)amide (1 μmol/kg; single ip) modestly lowers the mean glucose lever 30 minutes after the glucose challenge[2]. In rats fed a high-fat diet, GLP-1(32–36)amide (50–70 nmol/kg/d; infusion for 12–16 weeks) inhibits the development of diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis].
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Male KM mice (6-8 weeks; 18-22 g) injected with STZ[2] Doses: 1 μmol/kg Route of Administration: Ip one time/day for 21 days Experimental Results: Dramatically lowered the cumulative values of food and water intake. Lowered fasting glucose. decreased the level of Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Improved glucose tolerance. Suppressed body weight gain.
References	[1]. Elahi D, et, al. GLP-1(32-36)amide, a novel pentapeptide cleavage product of GLP-1, modulates whole body glucose metabolism in dogs. Peptides. 2014 Sep;59:20-4. [2]. Sun L, et, al. Novel Pentapeptide GLP-1 (32-36) Amide Inhibits β-Cell Apoptosis In Vitro and Improves Glucose Disposal in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2015 Dec;86(6):1482-90. [3]. Tomas E, et, al. GLP-1(32-36)amide Pentapeptide Increases Basal Energy Expenditure and Inhibits Weight Gain in Obese Mice. Diabetes. 2015 Jul;64(7):2409-19.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 250 mg/mL (438.04 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.64 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.64 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.64 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.7521 mL	8.7607 mL	17.5214 mL
	5 mM	0.3504 mL	1.7521 mL	3.5043 mL
	10 mM	0.1752 mL	0.8761 mL	1.7521 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.