NADH disodium salt (Disodium NADH) hydrate is an orally available reduced coenzyme. NADH disodium salt hydrate is also a donor of ADP-ribose units in ADP-ribosyltransferase reactions and a precursor of cyclic ADP-ribose. NADH disodium salt hydrate functions as a regenerative electron donor in cellular energy metabolism, including glycolysis, β-oxidation, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C21H29N7O14P2.XH2O.2NA
Molecular Weight	715.452288389206
CAS #	1949720-50-6
Appearance	Typically exists as solids at room temperature
SMILES	P(=O)(O)(OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](N2C=CCC(C(N)=O)=C2)O1)O)O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](N2C=NC3C(N)=NC=NC2=3)O1)O)O.[Na].[Na].[H][H].[H][H]
Synonyms	Disodium NADH hydrate
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	NADH is unstable under acidic conditions but it is stable under alkaline conditions[2]. NADH (0-1 mM; 0-12 h) increases NAD+ levels in various mammalian cell lines[3]. NADH (1 mM; 24 h) causes low toxicity and protects cells from genotoxicity[3].
ln Vivo	NADH (5 μmol/mouse; ip; once) increases urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites in mice[2]. NADH (500 mg/kg; ig; once) promotes alcohol metabolism and prevents or ameliorates early liver injury caused by acute alcohol exposure in ethanol-loaded mice[3]. C57BL/6J mice[3].
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Male ICR mice[2] Doses: 5 μmol/mouse Route of Administration: Intraperitoneal injection or oral administration, once Experimental Results: Produced significant increases in urinary excretions of nicotinamide (Nam) with intraperitoneal injection. Oral administration did not produce any increases in Nam or its metabolites. Animal/Disease Models: Male C57BL/6J mice[3] Doses: 500 mg/kg Route of Administration: Intragastric administration, 15 min before ethanol administration Experimental Results: Significantly increased blood acetaldehyde levels in mice administered with alcohol between 30 min and two hours. Significantly reduced the acetaldehyde in the blood after two hours. Inhibited the decrease of NAD+/NADH redox ratio in hepatocytes.
References	[1]. Ying W. NAD+ and NADH in cellular functions and cell death. Front Biosci. 2006 Sep 1;11:3129-48. [2]. Comparison of metabolic fates of nicotinamide, NAD+ and NADH administered orally and intraperitoneally; characterization of oral NADH. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2006 Apr;52(2):142-8. [3]. NADH and NRH as potential dietary supplements or pharmacological agents for early liver injury caused by acute alcohol exposure. Journal of Functional Foods, 2021, 87: 104852.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.3977 mL	6.9886 mL	13.9772 mL
	5 mM	0.2795 mL	1.3977 mL	2.7954 mL
	10 mM	0.1398 mL	0.6989 mL	1.3977 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.