Arborinine is a potent orally bioactive LSD1 inhibitor. Arborinine increases the expression of H3K4me1/2, H3K9me1/2, and E-cad proteins and decreases the expression of UBE2O protein levels. Arborinine induces cell cycle arrest in S phase. Arborinine has anticancer effect.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C16H15NO4
Molecular Weight	285.2946
Exact Mass	285.1
CAS #	5489-57-6
PubChem CID	5281832
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
Density	1.296g/cm3
Boiling Point	508.4ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	175 - 176 °C
Flash Point	261.3ºC
Index of Refraction	1.621
LogP	2.414
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	5
Rotatable Bond Count	2
Heavy Atom Count	21
Complexity	402
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C31)OC)OC)O
InChi Key	ATBZZQPALSPNMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C16H15NO4/c1-17-10-7-5-4-6-9(10)14(18)13-11(17)8-12(20-2)16(21-3)15(13)19/h4-8,19H,1-3H3
Chemical Name	1-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-10-methylacridin-9-one
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	LSD1
ln Vitro	It has been observed that arborinine (0, 5, 15, 30 µM; 48 h) increases the expression of E-cad, H3K9me1/2, and H3K4me1/2 [1]. In 786O cells, arborinine (20 µM) lowers the expression of UBE2O protein levels [1]. Twenty micrograms of arborinine (20 µM) suppresses apoptosis and causes cell cycle arrest in the S phase [1].
ln Vivo	In mice, origninine (40, 80 mg/kg; gavage; 21 days) exhibits anticancer action [2].
Cell Assay	Cell Proliferation Assay[1] Cell Types: 786O, A498, 769P, Caki1, OSRC2 cells Tested Concentrations: 0-100 µM Incubation Duration: 48, 72 h Experimental Results: demonstrated antiproliferative activity with IC50s of 30.62, 39.09, 15.67, 31.42, 30.35 µM at 48 h, 20.92, 27.01, 14.94, 30.26, 17.37 µM at 72 h for 786O, A498, 7 69P, Caki1, OSRC2 cells, respectively. Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: 786O cells Tested Concentrations: 0, 5, 15, 30 µM Incubation Duration: 48 h Experimental Results: Increased the expression of H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me1/2 protein in a dose-dependent manner. Cell Cycle Analysis[1] Cell Types: 786O and A498 cells Tested Concentrations: 20 µM Incubation Duration: Experimental Results: Induced increased population in S phase and diminished population in G1 phase, Dramatically inhibited both early and late apoptosis of ccRCC cells
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: BALB/c nude mice (SGC-7901 cells and SGC-7901/ADR cells)[2] Doses: 40, 80 mg/kg Route of Administration: Po; for 21 days Experimental Results: Inhibited the growth of tumors while unchanged the body weights.
References	[1]. Arborinine from Glycosmis parva leaf extract inhibits clear-cell renal cell carcinoma by inhibiting KDM1A/UBE2O signaling. Food Nutr Res. 2022 Sep 16;66. [2]. Arborinine, a potential LSD1 inhibitor, inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of SGC-7901 cells and adriamycin-resistant gastric cancer SGC-7901/ADR cells. Invest New Drugs. 2021 Jun;39(3):627-635.
Additional Infomation	Arborinine is a member of acridines. It is functionally related to an acridone. Arborinine has been reported in Almeidea coerulea, Ruta macrophylla, and other organisms with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.5052 mL	17.5260 mL	35.0521 mL
	5 mM	0.7010 mL	3.5052 mL	7.0104 mL
	10 mM	0.3505 mL	1.7526 mL	3.5052 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.