| Bioactivity | Atraric acid (Methyl atrarate) is a specific androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Atraric acid represses the expression of the endogenous prostate specific antigen gene in both LNCaP and C4-2 cells. Atraric acid can also inhibit the synthesis of NO and cytokine, and suppress the MAPK-NFκB signaling pathway. Atraric acid can be used to research prostate diseases and inflammatory diseases[1][2]. |
| Target | Androgen receptor, NO synthesis, MAPK-NFκB pathway |
| Invitro | Atraric acid (10 μM; CV1 cells) represses the transactivation function mediated by Dihydrotestosterone-induced human AR[1].Atraric acid (10 μM; PCa cells) inhibits the expression of the PSA gene in both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent PCa cells[1].Atraric acid (1-300 μM; 24 h) dose-dependently inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, but does not influence the cell viability[2].Atraric acid (100 and 300 μM; 18 h or 4 h) downregulates the expression of phosphorylated IκB, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling pathway to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells[2]. Cell Viability Assay[2] Cell Line: |
| In Vivo | Atraric acid (10, 30 mg/kg; i.p.; single dosage) inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduces pathological damages in LPS-induced endotoxin shock mice[2]. Animal Model: |
| Name | Atraric acid |
| CAS | 4707-47-5 |
| Formula | C10H12O4 |
| Molar Mass | 196.20 |
| Appearance | Solid |
| Transport | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. |
| Storage | 4°C, stored under nitrogen *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen) |
| Reference | [1]. Papaioannou M, et al. The natural compound atraric acid is an antagonist of the human androgen receptor inhibiting cellular invasiveness and prostate cancer cell growth. J Cell Mol Med. 2009 Aug;13(8B):2210-2223. [2]. Roell D, Baniahmad A. The natural compounds atraric acid and N-butylbenzene-sulfonamide as antagonists of the human androgen receptor and inhibitors of prostate cancer cell growth. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011 Jan 30;332(1-2):1-8. |