Venlafaxine (Wy45030; Wy-45030; Effexor, Effexor XR, Lanvexin, Viepax, and Trevilor) is an arylalkanolamine-based antidepressant that has been approved for use. It is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that is used to treat a variety of conditions, such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), panic disorder, and social phobia.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C17H28CLNO2
Molecular Weight	313.86
Exact Mass	313.18
Elemental Analysis	C, 54.90; H, 7.05; Cl, 9.53; N, 11.30; O, 8.60; S, 8.62
CAS #	99300-78-4
Related CAS #	Venlafaxine-d6 hydrochloride; 1062606-12-5; Venlafaxine; 93413-69-5; Venlafaxine-d10 hydrochloride; 1216539-56-8
PubChem CID	62923
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.394 g/cm3
Boiling Point	397.6ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	207-209ºC
Flash Point	194.2ºC
LogP	3.837
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	3
Rotatable Bond Count	5
Heavy Atom Count	21
Complexity	279
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	Cl[H].O([H])C1(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H])C([H])(C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1[H])OC([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])N(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H]
InChi Key	QYRYFNHXARDNFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C17H27NO2.ClH/c1-18(2)13-16(17(19)11-5-4-6-12-17)14-7-9-15(20-3)10-8-14;/h7-10,16,19H,4-6,11-13H2,1-3H3;1H
Chemical Name	1-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclohexan-1-ol;hydrochloride
Synonyms	Naramig; GR-85548A; Amerge; GR 85548A; GR85548A; Naratriptan HCl; Naratriptan Hydrochloride
HS Tariff Code	2935.90.6000
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	5-HT
ln Vitro	In vitro activity: Venlafaxine has a lower potential than some of the most popular SSRIs to inhibit the metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates, such as imipramine and desipramine, as well as the metabolism of substrates for several other major human hepatic P450s.[1] Human norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) transporters have K(i) values of 2480 nM and 82 nM, respectively, and a K(i) ratio of 30, which are inhibited by venlafaxine. For the purpose of preventing monoamine depletion caused by 6-hydroxydopamine and p-chloramphetamine, venlafaxine has ED(50) values of 94 mg/kg and 5.9 mg/kg, respectively.[2]
ln Vivo	Venlafaxine causes an i.p. administration of 46.7 mg/kg of a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in mice. While beta-FNA and naloxonazine do not significantly inhibit venlafaxine-induced antinociception, naloxone, nor-BNI, and naltrindole do, suggesting that kappa1- and delta-opioid mechanisms are involved in mice.[3] In rats with a fully developed neuropathic lesion, ventlafaxine reverses hyperalgesia. Additionally, paw withdrawal latency (PWL) in the sham limb was found to be elevated by the mild, non-specific analgesic effect of ventralfaxine.[4]
Animal Protocol	Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180-230 grams 10, 30, 100 mg/kg IP; one hour prior to p-chloramphetamine hydrochloride (p-CA; 10 mg/kg; i.p.)
References	[1]. Br J Clin Pharmacol . 1997 Jun;43(6):619-26. [2]. Neuropsychopharmacology . 2001 Dec;25(6):871-80. [3]. Neurosci Lett . 1999 Oct 1;273(2):85-8. [4]. Pain . 1996 Nov;68(1):151-155.
Additional Infomation	Venlafaxine Hydrochloride is a synthetic ethyl-cyclohexanol derivative used for the treatment of depression, Venlafaxine Hydrochloride is metabolized to O-desmethylvenlafaxine, which potentiates CNS activity. Both venlafaxine and its active metabolite inhibit neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. (NCI04) A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT. See also: Venlafaxine (has active moiety).

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 50~55 mg/mL (159.3~176.8 mM) Water: ~55 mg/mL (~176.8 mM) Ethanol: ~55 mg/mL (~176.8 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.97 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.97 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.97 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (318.61 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.1861 mL	15.9307 mL	31.8613 mL
	5 mM	0.6372 mL	3.1861 mL	6.3723 mL
	10 mM	0.3186 mL	1.5931 mL	3.1861 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.