Shatavarin IV is a steroidal saponin extracted from the roots of Asparagus racemosus (Lilyaceae). Shatavarin IV shows anti-cancer activity. Shatavarin IV extends lifespan and reduces PD/Parkinson's disease in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C45H74O17
Molecular Weight	887.06
Exact Mass	886.492
CAS #	84633-34-1
PubChem CID	441896
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
Density	1.4±0.1 g/cm3
Melting Point	188-189℃
Index of Refraction	1.615
LogP	4.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	9
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	17
Rotatable Bond Count	8
Heavy Atom Count	62
Complexity	1560
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	27
SMILES	C[C@]12CC[C@@H]3[C@]4(CC[C@H](O[C@@H]5O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]6O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]6O)[C@H](O)[C@H]5O[C@H]5[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O5)C[C@H]4CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1C[C@@H]1O[C@@]3(OC[C@@H](C)CC3)[C@H]([C@H]21)C)C
InChi Key	BCUDKRWNGQAFLF-PJFZGHSASA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C45H74O17/c1-19-8-13-45(55-18-19)20(2)30-27(62-45)15-26-24-7-6-22-14-23(9-11-43(22,4)25(24)10-12-44(26,30)5)57-42-39(61-41-36(53)34(51)32(49)28(16-46)58-41)37(54)38(29(17-47)59-42)60-40-35(52)33(50)31(48)21(3)56-40/h19-42,46-54H,6-18H2,1-5H3/t19-,20-,21-,22+,23-,24+,25-,26-,27-,28+,29+,30-,31-,32+,33+,34-,35+,36+,37-,38+,39+,40-,41-,42+,43-,44-,45+/m0/s1
Chemical Name	(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1R,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16S,18R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
Synonyms	Shatavarin IV; Asparanin B; 84633-34-1; Curillin H; Sarsasapogenin 3-O-4G-rhamnosylsophoroside; 113982-32-4; Z905922Y1P; (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1R,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16S,18R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol;
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	Natural steroidal saponin
ln Vitro	Sarsasapogenin 3-O-4G-rhamnosylsophoroside is a triterpenoid. Asparanin B has been reported in Asparagus adscendens, Asparagus officinalis, and Asparagus racemosus
ln Vivo	Shatavarin IV extended the mean lifespan of C. elegans by 25.8% at 100 μM compared to untreated controls (p < 0.001). It significantly delayed age-related decline in motility and reduced α-synuclein-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in transgenic C. elegans models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Shatavarin IV (100 μM) decreased polyQ40::YFP aggregates by 60.5% and α-synuclein::YFP aggregates by 52.7% (p < 0.001). It also restored dopamine-dependent behaviors in 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity models. [1] In Caenorhabditis elegans, shatavarin IV (50 μM) decreases the accumulation of internal lipofuscin [1]. In C, shatavarin IV (0-100 μM) lowers the levels of ROS. elegans [1]. Shatavarin IV (50 μM) dramatically raises the stress response gene mRNA expression in C. elegans, specifically ctl-2, gst-4, gst-7, sod-1, sod-2, and sod-3[1].
Animal Protocol	Shatavarin IV was dissolved in DMSO (final concentration ≤0.5% in all assays) and added to nematode growth medium (NGM) agar plates. Synchronized L1-stage C. elegans were transferred to plates containing Shatavarin IV (25, 50, or 100 μM) or vehicle control. For lifespan assays, worms were transferred daily to fresh plates during reproduction phase and every 2–3 days afterward; survival was scored every 24 hours. For paralysis assays, transgenic PD models (e.g., NL5901 [α-synuclein::YFP]) were incubated with Shatavarin IV (100 μM) and scored for paralysis every 24 hours. Dopamine sensitivity assays used 6-OHDA-treated worms exposed to Shatavarin IV, with locomotion assessed on serotonin-secreting E. coli lawns. [1]
Toxicity/Toxicokinetics	No acute toxicity was observed in C. elegans treated with Shatavarin IV (up to 100 μM). Brood size, pharyngeal pumping, and feeding behavior were unaffected, indicating no adverse effects on development or physiological functions. [1]
References	[1]. Shatavarin IV elicits lifespan extension and alleviates Parkinsonism in Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Res. 2017 Dec;51(11-12):954-969.
Additional Infomation	Shatavarin IV attenuated oxidative stress by reducing intracellular ROS levels by 42.5% (p < 0.001) and enhanced proteasomal activity by 31.8% in C. elegans. It upregulated stress-responsive genes (sod-3, gst-4) via activation of DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf2 pathways, confirmed by translocation assays in transgenic strains (TJ356 [DAF-16::GFP] and LD1 [SKN-1::GFP]). The compound did not alter mitochondrial respiration or ATP production. [1] Sarsasapogenin 3-O-4G-rhamnosylsophoroside is a triterpenoid. Asparanin B has been reported in Asparagus adscendens, Asparagus officinalis, and Asparagus racemosus with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.1273 mL	5.6366 mL	11.2732 mL
	5 mM	0.2255 mL	1.1273 mL	2.2546 mL
	10 mM	0.1127 mL	0.5637 mL	1.1273 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.