Riboflavin Tetrabutyrate is a lipophilic analogue of Riboflavin (vitamin B2), which is a vitamin B and an important nutrient that plays a key role in maintaining health in humans and other animals.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C33H44N4O10
Molecular Weight	656.7233
Exact Mass	656.306
CAS #	752-56-7
PubChem CID	92140
Appearance	Yellow to orange solid powder
Density	1.29g/cm3
Melting Point	149ºC
Index of Refraction	1.584
LogP	3.728
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	11
Rotatable Bond Count	21
Heavy Atom Count	47
Complexity	1230
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	3
SMILES	O(C(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])=O)[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])N1C2C(C(N([H])C(N=2)=O)=O)=NC2C([H])=C(C([H])([H])[H])C(C([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C1=2)[C@@]([H])([C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])OC(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])=O)OC(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])=O)OC(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])=O
InChi Key	MJNIWUJSIGSWKK-BBANNHEPSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C33H44N4O10/c1-7-11-25(38)44-18-24(46-27(40)13-9-3)30(47-28(41)14-10-4)23(45-26(39)12-8-2)17-37-22-16-20(6)19(5)15-21(22)34-29-31(37)35-33(43)36-32(29)42/h15-16,23-24,30H,7-14,17-18H2,1-6H3,(H,36,42,43)/t23-,24+,30-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	[(2R,3S,4S)-2,3,4-tri(butanoyloxy)-5-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxobenzo[g]pteridin-10-yl)pentyl] butanoate
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	Riboflavin tetrabutyrate limits oxygen uptake via lipid peroxidation. Riboflavin tetrabutyrate prevents NADPH coupling and ascorbic acid-induced microsomal lipid peroxidation. Riboflavin tetrabutyrate appears to demonstrate its antioxidant effect when or after a hydrogen atom is extracted from the reactive methylene group of a polyunsaturated fatty acid as a free radical during an enzyme redox process [1].
ln Vivo	By blocking lipid peroxides, riboflavin tetrabutyrate can lower increased blood lipid levels and enhance lipid metabolism in people with diabetes, fatty liver, atherosclerosis, and other conditions [1]. The activity of hepatic and renal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, hepatic and renal acyl-CoA synthetase, and acyl-CoA activity increased by 50% in response to feeding riboflavin tetrabutyrate. Dehydrogenase of CoA was unaffected. Long-term riboflavin tetrabutyrate treatment may lead to increased beta-oxidation of fatty acids in the liver, as suggested by the rise in hepatic 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase activity [2].
References	[1]. Tahara K, et al. Effect of riboflavin and riboflavin 2',3',4',5'-tetrabutyrate on rat liver microsomallipid peroxidation. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1974;20(2):81-8. [2]. Okuno E, et al. Effect of chronic administration of riboflavin 2',3',4',5'-tetrabutyrate on the hepatic enzymes of fatty acid oxidation in the rat. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1983 Dec;29(6):637-42. [3]. Yagi K, et al. Studies on fatty acid esters of flavins. VI. Incorporation of riboflavin part of riboflavin tetrabutyrate-2-14C into flavin nucleotides in the organs of rat. J Vitaminol (Kyoto). 1969 Jun 10;15(2):155-9
Additional Infomation	Riboflavin butyrate is a flavin.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~152.27 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.5227 mL	7.6136 mL	15.2272 mL
	5 mM	0.3045 mL	1.5227 mL	3.0454 mL
	10 mM	0.1523 mL	0.7614 mL	1.5227 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.