AA3 is a natural Pulsatilla saponin A that can improve synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of adult mice and spatial memory in adult mice. It is also a noncompetitive regulator of NMDA receptors.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C41H66O12
Molecular Weight	750.95554
Exact Mass	750.455
CAS #	129724-84-1
Related CAS #	Pulchinenoside C;129741-57-7
PubChem CID	11721847
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.31
Boiling Point	846.3±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	249.6±27.8 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.597
LogP	8.26
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	7
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	12
Rotatable Bond Count	7
Heavy Atom Count	53
Complexity	1410
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	20
SMILES	C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](CO[C@H]2O[C@H]3CC[C@@]4([C@H]5CC[C@@H]6[C@H]7[C@@H](CC[C@@]7(CC[C@]6([C@@]5(CC[C@H]4[C@]3(C)CO)C)C)C(=O)O)C(=C)C)C)O)O)O)O)O
InChi Key	ISNDTNDJSXYNKT-DVIRKNLQSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C41H66O12/c1-20(2)22-10-15-41(36(48)49)17-16-39(6)23(28(22)41)8-9-26-37(4)13-12-27(38(5,19-42)25(37)11-14-40(26,39)7)52-35-33(30(45)24(43)18-50-35)53-34-32(47)31(46)29(44)21(3)51-34/h21-35,42-47H,1,8-19H2,2-7H3,(H,48,49)/t21-,22-,23+,24-,25+,26+,27-,28+,29-,30-,31+,32+,33+,34-,35-,37-,38-,39+,40+,41-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	(1R,3aS,5aR,5bR,7aR,8R,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-9-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-5a,5b,8,11a-tetramethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

References

[1]. Anemoside A3 Enhances Cognition through the Regulation of Synaptic Function and Neuroprotection. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015 Jul;40(8):1877-87. [2]. Anemoside A3-induced relaxation in rat renal arteries: role of endothelium and Ca2+ channel inhibition. Planta Med. 2010 Nov;76(16):1814-9. [3]. Pulsatilloside A and anemoside A3 protect PC12 cells from apoptosis induced by sodium cyanide and glucose deprivation. Planta Med. 2003 Feb;69(2):171-4.

Additional Infomation

Pulchinenoside A is a triterpenoid.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~66.58 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.33 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.33 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.33 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.3316 mL	6.6581 mL	13.3163 mL
	5 mM	0.2663 mL	1.3316 mL	2.6633 mL
	10 mM	0.1332 mL	0.6658 mL	1.3316 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.