Peptide 78, a chemotactic cytokine, consists of 78 amino acid (AA)s and is a protein member of the IL-8 or CXC chemokine supergene family. Peptide 78 plays important roles in inducing neutrophils (PMN) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) joints.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C60H106N22O20S
Molecular Weight	1487.7
Exact Mass	1541.773
CAS #	132116-62-2
PubChem CID	3081257
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.6±0.1 g/cm3
Index of Refraction	1.685
LogP	-5.09
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	23
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	26
Rotatable Bond Count	49
Heavy Atom Count	107
Complexity	3200
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	14
SMILES	C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)N)O
InChi Key	BNIFSVVAHBLNTN-XKKUQSFHSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C62H107N23O21S/c1-29(2)47(57(102)74-30(3)48(93)81-38(60(105)106)25-43(65)89)83-53(98)36(26-45(91)92)80-55(100)41-16-11-22-85(41)59(104)37(24-42(64)88)75-44(90)27-73-49(94)39(28-86)82-51(96)33(14-9-20-72-62(69)70)77-54(99)40-15-10-21-84(40)58(103)35(12-6-7-18-63)79-50(95)32(13-8-19-71-61(67)68)76-52(97)34(17-23-107-5)78-56(101)46(66)31(4)87/h29-41,46-47,86-87H,6-28,63,66H2,1-5H3,(H2,64,88)(H2,65,89)(H,73,94)(H,74,102)(H,75,90)(H,76,97)(H,77,99)(H,78,101)(H,79,95)(H,80,100)(H,81,93)(H,82,96)(H,83,98)(H,91,92)(H,105,106)(H4,67,68,71)(H4,69,70,72)/t30-,31+,32-,33-,34-,35-,36-,37-,38-,39-,40-,41-,46-,47-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid
Synonyms	Peptide78; Peptide-78; Peptide 78
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro

In the conditioned media of human lung epithelial cells (A549) activated with TNF-α (20 ng/mL) or IL-1β (10 ng/mL), there is a powerful PMN chemokine called peptide 78. With 78 amino acids and an 8.3 kDa molecular weight, peptide 78 shares four cysteines with IL-8 and its homologs. Platelet factor 4, platelet basic protein, and the products of its cleavage (connective tissue activating peptide-III, β-thromboglobulin and interferon-γ-induced protein, macrophage inflammatory protein-2α, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2α) are among the supergene family of which peptide 78 is a member. Inflammatory protein-2β) phagocytosis) [1]. Peptide 78, like NAP-2 or LL-8, possesses a number of PMN-activating characteristics. Peptide 78 stimulated PMNs in a way that resulted in considerable chemotactic activity, the release of free cytosolic calcium, and the release of elastase from cells that had been pretreated with cytochalasin B. PMN recruitment to RA-inflamed joints is aided by peptide 78. One of the most prevalent chemokines found in RA synovial fluid is peptide 78. The physiologically active peptide 78 is found in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid. About half of the RA synovial fluid PMN's in vitro chemotactic activity appears to be accounted for by peptide 78 [1].

References

[1]. Epithelial neutrophil activating peptide-78: a novel chemotactic cytokine for neutrophils in arthritis. J Clin Invest. 1994 Sep;94(3):1012-8.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)	H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~64.82 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)	Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (64.82 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	0.6722 mL	3.3609 mL	6.7218 mL
	5 mM	0.1344 mL	0.6722 mL	1.3444 mL
	10 mM	0.0672 mL	0.3361 mL	0.6722 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.