Octacosane is an endogenously produced metabolite with antimicrobial activity. Octacosane can induce protection against transplanted subcutaneous melanoma and also shows high cytotoxic effect against mouse melanoma B16F10-Nex2 cells. Octacosane has larvicidal activity against Culex mosquitoes with an LC50 concentration of 7.2 mg/l.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C28H58
Molecular Weight	394.76
Exact Mass	394.454
CAS #	630-02-4
Related CAS #	Octacosane-d58;16416-33-4
PubChem CID	12408
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Boiling Point	278 °C15 mm Hg(lit.)
Melting Point	57-62 °C(lit.)
Flash Point	227 °C
Vapour Pressure	<1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Index of Refraction	1.4330 (70ºC)
LogP	11.168
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	0
Rotatable Bond Count	25
Heavy Atom Count	28
Complexity	218
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	ZYURHZPYMFLWSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C28H58/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-21-23-25-27-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3-28H2,1-2H3
Chemical Name	octacosane
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	Human Endogenous Metabolite
ln Vitro	Octocadecane (12.5-100 μg/ml; 18 hours) exhibits high cytotoxic action against B16F10-Nex2 cells, with an IC50 value of 41.08 μg/ml[1].
ln Vivo	Octocadecane (500 μg; daily injection at peripheral sites related to blast cell transplantation; 35 days) exhibits strong anticancer effects and considerably slows the growth of tumors [1].
Cell Assay	Cell Cytotoxicity Assay[1] Cell Types: B16F10-Nex2 cells Tested Concentrations: 12.5, 25, 50, 100 μg/ml Incubation Duration: 18 h Experimental Results: Displayed strong cytotoxic activity on B16F10-Nex2 cells, with an IC50 value of 41.08 μg/ml
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: C57Bl/6 mice with B16F10-Nex2 Cellsl[1] Doses: 500 μg Route of Administration: Injected at peripheral sites in relation to the original cell grafting; daily; 35 days Experimental Results: Resulted in a significant delay of tumor progression with a significant antitumor effect. The survival rate of treated groups was Dramatically increased.
ADME/Pharmacokinetics	Absorption, Distribution and Excretion Liver, heart, kidneys, muscle and adipose (perirenal and s.c.) /bovine/ tissues were collected from 6 animals for analysis of their hydrocarbon composition. Qualitative and quantitative determinations were carried out by gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Although differing in the proportions, a homologous series of n-alkanes ranging from n-C12-n-C31 was found in all samples. The isoprenoid hydrocarbons phytane and phytene (phyt-1-ene and phyt-2-ene) were also identified. (These findings have relevance to the health of humans consuming hydrocarbon-contaminated meats.) /n-Alkanes/ Arthrobacter nicotianae KCC B35 isolated from blue-green mats densely covering oil sediments along the Arabian Gulf coast grew well on C10 to C40 n-alkanes as sole sources of carbon and energy. Growth on C20 to C40 alkanes was even better than on C10 to C18 alkanes. Biomass samples incubated for 6 hr with n-octacosane (C28) or n-nonacosane (C29) accumulated these compounds as the predominant constituent alkanes of the cell hydrocarbon fractions. The even chain hexadecane C16 and the odd chain pentadecane C15 were the second dominant constituent alkanes in C28 and C29 incubated cells, respectively. n-Hexadecane-incubated cells accumulated in their lipids higher proportions of C16-fatty acids than control cells not incubated with hydrocarbons. On the other hand, C28 and C29-incubated cells did not contain any fatty acids with the equivalent chain lengths, but the fatty acid patterns of the cell lipids suggest that there should have been mid-chain oxidation of these very long chain alkanes. This activity qualifies A. nicotianae KCC B35 to be used in cocktails for bioremediating environments polluted with heavy oil sediments.
Toxicity/Toxicokinetics	Toxicity Summary IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Octacosane is a higher n-alkane containing 28 carbon atoms (C28). HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: A homologous series of n-alkanes ranging from n-C12-n-C31 was found in all samples of liver, heart, kidneys, muscle and adipose bovine tissues.
References	[1]. Pyrostegia venusta heptane extract containing saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons induces apoptosis on B16F10-Nex2 melanoma cells and displays antitumor activity in vivo. Pharmacogn Mag. 2014 Apr;10(Suppl 2):S363-76. [2]. Mosquitocidal activities of octacosane from Moschosma polystachyum Linn (lamiaceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Jan;90(1):87-9. [3]. Effective targeting of breast cancer cells (MCF7) via novel biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles using cancer-derived metabolites. PLoS One. 2020 Oct 6;15(10):e0240156.
Additional Infomation	Waxy hydrocarbon, insoluble in water. Octacosane is a straight-chain alkane containing 28 carbon atoms. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Octacosane has been reported in Vanilla madagascariensis, Andrachne rotundifolia, and other organisms with data available. See also: Moringa oleifera leaf oil (part of).

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.5332 mL	12.6659 mL	25.3318 mL
	5 mM	0.5066 mL	2.5332 mL	5.0664 mL
	10 mM	0.2533 mL	1.2666 mL	2.5332 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.