Norfloxacin hydrochloride (MK-0366) is a broad-spectrum and synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which functions by inhibiting DNA gyrase. Norfloxacin is used to treat common as well as complicated urinary tract infections. It is a first generation synthetic fluoroquinolone and is approved for the treatment of urinary tract infections, prostatitis, and sexually transmitted diseases, although it is no longer used for the latter due to bacterial resistance.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C16H19CLFN3O3
Molecular Weight	355.109894
Exact Mass	355.11
Elemental Analysis	C, 54.01; H, 5.38; Cl, 9.96; F, 5.34; N, 11.81; O, 13.49
CAS #	68077-27-0
Related CAS #	Norfloxacin;70458-96-7
PubChem CID	12733888
Appearance	Solid powder
LogP	1.662
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	7
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	24
Complexity	519
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	O=C(C1=CN(CC)C2=C(C=C(F)C(N3CCNCC3)=C2)C1=O)O.Cl
InChi Key	JJWDELPVPRCLQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C16H18FN3O3.ClH/c1-2-19-9-11(16(22)23)15(21)10-7-12(17)14(8-13(10)19)20-5-3-18-4-6-20;/h7-9,18H,2-6H2,1H3,(H,22,23);1H
Chemical Name	1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride
Synonyms	Norfloxacin hydrochloride
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	Quinolone
ln Vitro	A synthetic chemotherapeutic antibacterial drug called norfloxacin (MK-0366) is sporadically used to treat both simple and complex urinary tract infections. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that works against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is norfloxacin (MK-0366). It works by blocking the enzymes DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase, and topoisomerase IV, which are required to separate the DNA of bacteria and prevent cell division. In the adult population, there are presently three approved uses (one restricted), and the other is ineffective because of bacterial resistance.
References	[1]. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Apr 1;44(7):977-80. Epub 2007 Feb 14. [2]. Antibiot Khimioter. 2003;48(9):28-36. [3]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Jul 19;(3):CD003597.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.8160 mL	14.0801 mL	28.1603 mL
	5 mM	0.5632 mL	2.8160 mL	5.6321 mL
	10 mM	0.2816 mL	1.4080 mL	2.8160 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.