Nicotinamide riboside malate is an orally bioactive NAD+ precursor that increases NAD+ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside malate is a source of vitamin B3 (nicotinic acid), which can enhance oxidative metabolism and prevent metabolic abnormalities induced by high-fat diet. Nicotinamide riboside malate reduces cognitive decline in a transgenic mouse model of AD/Alzheimer's disease.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C15H20N2O10
Molecular Weight	388.326704978943
Exact Mass	388.111
CAS #	2415659-01-5
Related CAS #	Nicotinamide riboside chloride;23111-00-4;Nicotinamide riboside;1341-23-7;Nicotinamide riboside tartrate;2415657-86-0
PubChem CID	146673021
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	10
Rotatable Bond Count	5
Heavy Atom Count	27
Complexity	437
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	5
SMILES	C1=CC(=C[N+](=C1)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)C(=O)N.C([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)C(=O)[O-]
InChi Key	CCIJCSINBFLRRP-FFHQWVQZSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C11H14N2O5.C4H6O5/c12-10(17)6-2-1-3-13(4-6)11-9(16)8(15)7(5-14)18-11;5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h1-4,7-9,11,14-16H,5H2,(H-,12,17);2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t7-,8-,9-,11-;2-/m10/s1
Chemical Name	1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyridin-1-ium-3-carboxamide;(3S)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-oxobutanoate
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	SIRT1 SIRT3 Human Endogenous Metabolite
ln Vitro	Nicotinamide riboside malate (0.5 nM; 24 hours) decreases Ndufa9 and SOD2's acetylation status[1]. In C2C12, Hepa1.6, and HEK293 cells, nicotinamide riboside malate raises intracellular and mitochondrial NAD+ levels in a concentration-dependent manner at doses ranging from 1-1000 μM[1]. In order to restore antiviral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) capabilities and support innate immunity against coronaviruses (CoVs), which are the cause of COVID-19, nicotinamide riboside malate increases NAD[3]. Malate of nicotinamide riboside
ln Vivo	Chronic supplementation with nicotinamide riboside malate (po; 400 mg/kg/day; for 16 weeks) raises intracellular and plasma NAD+ content in a tissue-specific way[1].
Cell Assay	Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: HEK293T cells Tested Concentrations: 0.5 nM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: decreased the acetylation status of Ndufa9 and SOD2.
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: 10weeks old C57Bl/6J mice[1] Doses: 400 mg/kg Route of Administration: PO; daily; for 16 weeks Experimental Results: Increased plasma and intracellular NAD+ content in a tissue-specific manner.
References	[1]. The NAD(+) precursor nicotinamide riboside enhances oxidative metabolism and protectsagainst high-fat diet-induced obesity. Cell Metab. 2012 Jun 6;15(6):838-47. [2]. Nicotinamide Riboside Restores Cognition Through an Upregulation of Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator 1α Regulated β-Secretase 1 Degradation and Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Alzheimer's Mouse Models. Neurobiol Aging. 2013 Jun;34(6):1581-8. [3]. Coronavirus and PARP Expression Dysregulate the NAD Metabolome: A Potentially Actionable Component of Innate Immunity. bioRxiv. 2020 Apr 30;2020.04.17.047480.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.5751 mL	12.8756 mL	25.7513 mL
	5 mM	0.5150 mL	2.5751 mL	5.1503 mL
	10 mM	0.2575 mL	1.2876 mL	2.5751 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.