Longistyline A (Longistylin A) is a natural stilbene found in pigeon pea. Longistyline A has a bacteriostatic effect against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, with an MIC of 1.56 μg/mL. Longistyline A has neuro-protection effects and may be utilized in the study of infections and neurological diseases.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C20H22O2
Molecular Weight	294.39
Exact Mass	294.162
CAS #	64095-60-9
PubChem CID	9900754
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
LogP	5.079
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	2
Rotatable Bond Count	5
Heavy Atom Count	22
Complexity	375
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	CC(=CCC1=C(C=C(C=C1OC)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2)O)C
InChi Key	MPDBOKIOROLWQP-ZHACJKMWSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C20H22O2/c1-15(2)9-12-18-19(21)13-17(14-20(18)22-3)11-10-16-7-5-4-6-8-16/h4-11,13-14,21H,12H2,1-3H3/b11-10+
Chemical Name	3-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]phenol
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	IC50: 8.61 μg/mL (murine RAW264.7 cells)[2]
ln Vitro	In PC12 cells, longistyline A (4–16 μM/L; 48 h) lessens corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity[1]. By altering the bacterial membrane potential and boosting penetration, longistyline A can behave as an antibacterial agent that targets membranes[2]. Tested Gram-positive bacteria, including B. cereus CMCC63302 with MIC values of 25 μg/mL, S. aureus CMCC26003 with MIC values of 1.56 μg/mL, and both strains of MRSA (JCSC4744 and JCSC4469) with MIC values of 1.56 μg/mL, demonstrate significant antimicrobial activity against longistyline A (0-100 μg/mL). With an IC50 value of 8.61 μg/mL, longistyline A (24 h) exhibits cytotoxicity towards murine RAW264.7 cells[2].
ln Vivo	When applied topically to a wound for 30 minutes, longistyline A (10 µg diluted in 50 µL PBS buffer) enhances wound healing, lowers MRSA bacterial survival in lesions, and lessens inflammation in MRSA-infected mice[2].
Cell Assay	Cell Cytotoxicity Assay[1] Cell Types: PC12 cell line Tested Concentrations: 4, 8 and 16 μM/L Incubation Duration: 48 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Generated a neuroprotective effect against corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells possibly by decreasing [Ca2+]i and caspase-3 activity.
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Female wound healing balb/c (Bagg ALBino) mouse: with MRSA infection[2] Doses: 10 µg Route of Administration: Apply to the wound; 10 µg dissolved in 50 µL PBS buffer; 5 min after infection for 30 min Experimental Results: demonstrated a wound healing efficiency and Dramatically alleviated weight loss induced by MRSA infection. diminished gram-positive microorganisms in vivo with a better effect than vancomycin. diminished accumulation of immune cells at the injury site and alleviated induction of TNF- α and IL-6 in serum.
References	[1]. [Neuroprotective effect of longistyline A against corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells]. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2012 May;47(5):600-3. [2]. Longistylin A, a natural stilbene isolated from the leaves of Cajanus cajan, exhibits significant anti-MRSA activity. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Jan;55(1):105821.
Additional Infomation	Longistyline A has been reported in Cajanus cajan with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.3969 mL	16.9843 mL	33.9685 mL
	5 mM	0.6794 mL	3.3969 mL	6.7937 mL
	10 mM	0.3397 mL	1.6984 mL	3.3969 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.