Kinetin Riboside, an analotg of cytokinin, is a potent activator of the Parkinson's Disease-associated PTEN-induced Putative Kinase 1 (PINK1), and acts independently from mitochondrial depolarization.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C15H17N5O5
Molecular Weight	347.32598
Exact Mass	347.122
Elemental Analysis	C, 51.87; H, 4.93; N, 20.16; O, 23.03
CAS #	4338-47-0
Related CAS #	4338-47-0
PubChem CID	20345
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.8±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	683.7±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	152-154ºC
Flash Point	367.3±34.3 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±2.2 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.798
LogP	0.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	9
Rotatable Bond Count	5
Heavy Atom Count	25
Complexity	460
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	4
SMILES	OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3NCC4=CC=CO4)O1)O)O
InChi Key	CAGLGYNQQSIUGX-SDBHATRESA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C15H17N5O5/c21-5-9-11(22)12(23)15(25-9)20-7-19-10-13(17-6-18-14(10)20)16-4-8-2-1-3-24-8/h1-3,6-7,9,11-12,15,21-23H,4-5H2,(H,16,17,18)/t9-,11-,12-,15-/m1/s1
Chemical Name	(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-[6-(furan-2-ylmethylamino)purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
Synonyms	Kinetin Riboside
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	HCT-15 cells (IC50 = 2.5 μM)
ln Vitro	Kinetin riboside exhibits antiproliferative and apoptogenic activity against different human cancer cell lines. The proliferation of human colon cancer HCT-15 cells can be inhibited by kinetin riboside in a dose-dependent manner (IC50=2.5 μM)[1]. In HeLa and mouse melanoma B16F-10 cells, kinetoin riboside triggers apoptosis. The release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3 are caused by kinetoin riboside, which also alters the potential of the mitochondrial membrane. Under kinetin riboside exposure, Bcl-2 is down-regulated and Bad are up-regulated[2].
ln Vivo	Kinetin riboside significantly slows the growth of tumors. At 40 mg/kg, the strongest anti-melanoma response is elicited[2].
Cell Assay	HeLa and mouse melanoma B16F-10 cells are treated with 5, 10, 20 μM kinetin riboside for 48 h. Cells are kept at 37°C for 4 hours after adding 15 μL of MTT solution (5 mg/mL) to each well. After that, 100 microliters of solubilizing solution are added. A measurement of 490 nm absorbance is made following an overnight incubation at room temperature[2].
References	[1]. Antiproliferative activity of kinetin riboside on HCT-15 colon cancer cell line. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2012;31(6):474-81. [2]. Kinetin riboside preferentially induces apoptosis by modulating Bcl-2 family proteins and caspase-3 in cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 2008 Mar 8;261(1):37-45.
Additional Infomation	(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-[6-(2-furanylmethylamino)-9-purinyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol is a purine nucleoside. Kinetin riboside has been reported in Cocos nucifera and Beta vulgaris with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~719.78 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.99 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.99 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.99 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.8791 mL	14.3955 mL	28.7911 mL
	5 mM	0.5758 mL	2.8791 mL	5.7582 mL
	10 mM	0.2879 mL	1.4396 mL	2.8791 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.