KYN-101 is a potent, selective and orally bioactive AHR inhibitor. KYN-101 reduces CYP1A1 mRNA expression. KYN-101 has anti-cancer effect.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C22H19FN6
Molecular Weight	386.424866914749
Exact Mass	386.165
CAS #	2247950-73-6
PubChem CID	135376305
Appearance	Off-white to light yellow solid powder
LogP	3.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	5
Rotatable Bond Count	5
Heavy Atom Count	29
Complexity	549
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	C12=C(C)C=NN1C(NCCC1C3=C(NC=1)C=CC=C3)=CC(C1=CC(F)=CN=C1)=N2
InChi Key	XIBYMKUWLQLNLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C22H19FN6/c1-14-10-27-29-21(9-20(28-22(14)29)16-8-17(23)13-24-11-16)25-7-6-15-12-26-19-5-3-2-4-18(15)19/h2-5,8-13,25-26H,6-7H2,1H3
Chemical Name	5-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	In IDOhigh samples, KYN-101 (0.5, 1 µM; 24 h) lowers CYP1A1 mRNA expression [1].
ln Vivo	KYN-101 (10 mg/kg; sidewall; once daily given 12 days) has antitumor action in mice [1].
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: 6-8 weeks, C57BL/6J mice (B16IDO tumor-bearing mice))[1] Doses: 10 mg/kg Route of Administration: oral; one time/day for 12 days Experimental Results: B16IDO tumor-bearing mice The combination of KYN-101 and anti-PD-1 improved tumor growth delay and prolonged survival in the CT26 model.
References	[1]. Blockade of the AHR restricts a Treg-macrophage suppressive axis induced by L-Kynurenine. Nat Commun. 2020 Aug 11;11(1):4011.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~258.79 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.5879 mL	12.9393 mL	25.8786 mL
	5 mM	0.5176 mL	2.5879 mL	5.1757 mL
	10 mM	0.2588 mL	1.2939 mL	2.5879 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.