Justicidin B is a potent anticancer lignan and proapoptotic agent. Justicidin B is also a bone resorption inhibitor (antagonist) with strong antiviral, fungicidal, and antiprotozoal effects. Justicidin B significantly inhibits platelet aggregation.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C21H16O6
Molecular Weight	364.35
Exact Mass	364.095
CAS #	17951-19-8
PubChem CID	442882
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.376g/cm3
Boiling Point	601.9ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	266ºC
Vapour Pressure	1.93E-14mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.658
LogP	3.923
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	6
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	27
Complexity	567
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	RTDRYYULUYRTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C21H16O6/c1-23-16-7-12-5-13-9-25-21(22)20(13)19(14(12)8-17(16)24-2)11-3-4-15-18(6-11)27-10-26-15/h3-8H,9-10H2,1-2H3
Chemical Name	4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1H-benzo[f][2]benzofuran-3-one
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	Trypanosoma
ln Vitro	Justicidin B is ineffective against Cryptococcus neoformans, but it does reduce the growth of Candida albicans (MIC > 4 μg/mL), Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC ≥ 1 μg/mL), and Aspergillus flavus (MIC ≥ 12 μg/mL) harmful fungus [1]. Additionally, Trypomastigote Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (IC50 = 0.2 μg/mL) was strongly inhibited by Justicidin B, whereas Trypanosoma cruzi (IC50 = 2.6 μg/mL) was somewhat inhibited [1]. MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines show cytotoxic activity and undergo apoptosis when exposed to justicidin B. Both cell lines' level of apoptotic DNA fragmentation rose after a 24-hour treatment. While MCF-7 treatment was consistent with a large increase in the expression of this transcription factor, exposure of MDA-MB-231 cells to Justicidin B resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in NFkB expression [2].
References	[1]. Antifungal, antiprotozoal, cytotoxic and piscicidal properties of Justicidin B and a new arylnaphthalide lignan from Phyllanthus piscatorum. Planta Med. 2003 May;69(5):420-4. [2]. Effect of justicidin B - a potent cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic arylnaphtalene lignan on human breast cancer-derived cell lines. Neoplasma. 2011;58(4):320-5. [3]. Linum narbonense: A new valuable tool for biotechnological production of a potent anticancer lignan Justicidine B. Pharmacogn Mag. 2013 Jan;9(33):39-44.
Additional Infomation	Justicidin B is a lignan. Justicidin B has been reported in Hypoestes purpurea, Haplophyllum patavinum, and other organisms with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.7446 mL	13.7231 mL	27.4461 mL
	5 mM	0.5489 mL	2.7446 mL	5.4892 mL
	10 mM	0.2745 mL	1.3723 mL	2.7446 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.