GLP-1(7-36), amide TFA is a major intestinal hormone that prompts pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin when stimulated by glucose.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C151H227F3N40O47
Molecular Weight	3411.65
Related CAS #	GLP-1(7-36), amide acetate;1119517-19-9;GLP-1(7-36), amide;107444-51-9
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	The quantities of active GLP-1(7-36) Acetate (Human GLP-1-(7-36)-amide Acetate) in the medium were considerably greater in the cells treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate for two hours compared to the control group. Additionally, in a dose-dependent manner, the glucose administration raises the active GLP-1 release from cells. Active GLP-1 secretion from cells was dose-dependently enhanced by palmitic, oleic, linoleic, or linolenic acid. Compared to palmitic acid, unsaturated fatty acids including oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids considerably increase active GLP-1 production. Active GLP-1 concentrations in the medium are dose-dependently increased when NCI-H716 cells are treated with CPE. At a concentration of 0.1% CPE, there is a 37% increase in these cells' active GLP-1 secretion[1].
ln Vivo	Active GLP-1(7-36) amide levels in the portal blood rise following gastric glucose delivery after 10 minutes, and then they sharply decline after 30 minutes. After 10 minutes, the stomach delivery of TO also raises active GLP-1 levels, which subsequently drop to basal levels after 60 minutes. The secretion of GLP-1 is dose-dependently increased by glucose and TO alone. Moreover, peak GLP-1 levels are additively increased by the simultaneous administration of glucose and TO. Within the portal blood at 10 and 30 minutes, mice given CPE had elevated amounts of active GLP-1 compared to the control group. When CPE is given in addition to glucose, the mice receiving CPE have somewhat higher levels of insulin and active GLP-1 in their portal blood than the mice receiving no CPE. C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet experience glucose intolerance impairment and hyperglycemia [1].
References	[1]. Fujii Y et al. Ingestion of coffee polyphenols increases postprandial release of the active glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1(7-36)) amide in C57BL/6J mice. J Nutr Sci. 2015 Mar 3;4:e9.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO :≥ 50 mg/mL (~14.66 mM) H2O :< 0.1 mg/mL

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (0.37 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (0.37 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (0.37 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	0.2931 mL	1.4656 mL	2.9311 mL
	5 mM	0.0586 mL	0.2931 mL	0.5862 mL
	10 mM	0.0293 mL	0.1466 mL	0.2931 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.