Ferric citrate (Iron(III) citrate), an orally bioactive iron supplement, is a potent phosphate binder. Ferric citrate may be utilized in the study of iron deficiency anemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C6H5FEO7
Molecular Weight	244.94
Exact Mass	244.938
CAS #	3522-50-7
Related CAS #	Citric acid;77-92-9;Citric acid monohydrate;5949-29-1
PubChem CID	61300
Appearance	Brown to black solid powder
Density	1.762g/cm3
Boiling Point	309.6ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	155.2ºC
Vapour Pressure	5.73E-05mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.575
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	7
Rotatable Bond Count	2
Heavy Atom Count	14
Complexity	211
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C6H8O7.Fe/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);/q;+3/p-3
Chemical Name	2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;iron(3+)
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	Iron(III) citrate, or ferric citrate; 1 mM; 24 hr) dramatically causes CM cell death[1]. (CM) cells in a way that is dependent on dosage[1].
ln Vivo	Here, we used age-matched wild-type mice and the Col4a3 deletion mouse model of progressive chronic kidney disease to examine the effects of ferric citrate (25 μg/g) supplementation against a mineral-sufficient control diet. For four weeks starting at six weeks of age when the knockout mice had overt chronic renal disease (CKD), or for six weeks starting at four weeks of age when the mice had early CKD, ferric citrate is administered to the mice. Regardless of when treatment is started, ferric citrate reverses iron shortage and anemia in knockout mice, and it also lowers the levels of FGF23 in the blood and on the bone. Additionally, ferric citrate enhances heart health and increases survival rates noticeably[3]. Ferric citrate is a safe and effective phosphate binder that preserves hemoglobin while increasing iron storage, decreasing the need for intravenous iron, reducing erythropoietin-stimulating drug use. Serum ferritin, hemoglobin, and transferrin saturation can all be raised by ferric citrate[2].
Cell Assay	Cell Viability Assay[1] Cell Types: Cardiomyocyte (CM) cells Tested Concentrations: 1 mM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Dramatically induced CM cell death.
Toxicity/Toxicokinetics	Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation ◉ Summary of Use during Lactation Iron is a normal component of human milk. Studies on various forms of iron indicate that breastmilk levels are not increased greatly after exogenous administration. No special precautions are necessary. For additional information on iron use during breastfeeding, see the monograph on Iron Salts. ◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
References	[1]. Protective effects of the mechanistic target of rapamycin against excess iron and ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2018 Mar 1;314(3):H659-H668. [2]. Ferric citrate controls phosphorus and delivers iron in patients on dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015 Feb;26(2):493-503. [3]. Ferric citrate reduces fibroblast growth factor 23 levels and improves renal and cardiac function in a mouse model of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2019 Dec;96(6):1346-1358.
Additional Infomation	See also: Ferric cation (has active moiety). Drug Indication Fexeric is indicated for the control of hyperphosphataemia in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)	H2O: 5 mg/mL (20.41 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)	Solubility in Formulation 1: 10 mg/mL (40.83 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication (<60°C).  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	4.0826 mL	20.4132 mL	40.8263 mL
	5 mM	0.8165 mL	4.0826 mL	8.1653 mL
	10 mM	0.4083 mL	2.0413 mL	4.0826 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.