Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C21H28CLN3O |
| Molecular Weight | 373.92 |
| CAS # | 3025841-47-5 |
| Appearance | Typically exists as solid at room temperature |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| ln Vitro | FXR agonist 4 (10 nM-10 μM) has agonist activity on FXR with an EC50 value of 1.05 μM in HEK293T cells[1]. FXR agonist 4 (1 nM-10 μM) dose-dependently increases steroid receptor coactivator activity. FXR agonist 4 (0.1 nM-10 μM) can activate FXR in fat-accumulated cells[1]. FXR agonist 4 (10-50 μM; 48 h) No toxicity to HepG2 cells[1]. |
| ln Vivo | FXR agonist 4 (100 mg/kg; oral administration, once) improves hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and liver inflammation in DIO mice [1]. |
| Cell Assay |
Cell Cytotoxicity Assay[1] Cell Types: HepG2 cell line Concentration: 10, 30 and 50 μM Incubation Duration: 48 hours Experimental Results: Showed no toxic effects to HepG2 cells at the testing dose up to 50 μM. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models:High fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6J obese (DIO) mice[1] Doses: 100 mg/kg Route of Administration: Oral administration; 100 mg/kg once Experimental Results: Decreased blood triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of DIO mice after treatment for 3 week. Significantly decreased the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level and promoted cholesterol excretion after treatment for 45 days. Increased the expression of Srebp1c, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1), fatty acid synthetase (Fasn), Diac ylgycerol Acyltransferase 2 (Dgat2), 3 Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase (Hmgcr) and sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (Srebp2). Improved insulin sensitivity of DIO mice. Reduced mRNA levels of interleukin 1 beta (Il-1β), Il5, Il6, cluster of differentiation 36 (Cd36), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and mouse EGF-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 1 (F4/80). |
| References |
[1]. Structural optimization and biological evaluation of 1-adamantylcarbonyl-4-phenylpiperazine derivatives as FXR agonists for NAFLD. Eur J Med Chem. 2023 Jan 5;245(Pt 1):114903. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6744 mL | 13.3718 mL | 26.7437 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5349 mL | 2.6744 mL | 5.3487 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2674 mL | 1.3372 mL | 2.6744 mL |