Exendin (5-39) is a potent glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1 receptor) receptor antagonist. Exendin (5-39) improves memory impairment in rats with beta-amyloid deposition.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C169H262N44O54S
Molecular Weight	3806.27
Exact Mass	3804.886
CAS #	196109-27-0
PubChem CID	46866279
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
LogP	-18.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	52
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	59
Rotatable Bond Count	122
Heavy Atom Count	268
Complexity	9180
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	35
SMILES	CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N4CCC[C@H]4C(=O)N5CCC[C@H]5C(=O)N6CCC[C@H]6C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC7=CC=CC=C7)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC8=CC=CC=C8)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)N
InChi Key	ULKZLNJITZELGU-DCLPRNCFSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C169H262N44O54S/c1-16-87(10)135(164(263)193-104(51-56-131(232)233)148(247)198-111(71-94-74-179-96-39-24-23-38-95(94)96)153(252)195-106(66-83(2)3)150(249)185-98(41-26-28-59-171)143(242)199-112(72-124(173)222)139(238)181-75-125(223)180-77-127(225)210-61-30-43-119(210)160(259)205-117(81-217)159(258)203-115(79-215)140(239)182-76-126(224)183-89(12)166(265)212-63-32-45-121(212)168(267)213-64-33-46-122(213)167(266)211-62-31-44-120(211)161(260)202-114(78-214)137(175)236)208-155(254)109(69-92-34-19-17-20-35-92)197-151(250)107(67-84(4)5)194-144(243)99(42-29-60-178-169(176)177)192-163(262)134(86(8)9)207-138(237)88(11)184-141(240)101(48-53-128(226)227)188-146(245)102(49-54-129(228)229)189-147(246)103(50-55-130(230)231)190-149(248)105(57-65-268-15)191-145(244)100(47-52-123(172)221)187-142(241)97(40-25-27-58-170)186-157(256)116(80-216)204-152(251)108(68-85(6)7)196-154(253)113(73-132(234)235)200-158(257)118(82-218)206-165(264)136(91(14)220)209-156(255)110(70-93-36-21-18-22-37-93)201-162(261)133(174)90(13)219/h17-24,34-39,74,83-91,97-122,133-136,179,214-220H,16,25-33,40-73,75-82,170-171,174H2,1-15H3,(H2,172,221)(H2,173,222)(H2,175,236)(H,180,223)(H,181,238)(H,182,239)(H,183,224)(H,184,240)(H,185,249)(H,186,256)(H,187,241)(H,188,245)(H,189,246)(H,190,248)(H,191,244)(H,192,262)(H,193,263)(H,194,243)(H,195,252)(H,196,253)(H,197,250)(H,198,247)(H,199,242)(H,200,257)(H,201,261)(H,202,260)(H,203,258)(H,204,251)(H,205,259)(H,206,264)(H,207,237)(H,208,254)(H,209,255)(H,226,227)(H,228,229)(H,230,231)(H,232,233)(H,234,235)(H4,176,177,178)/t87-,88-,89-,90+,91+,97-,98-,99-,100-,101-,102-,103-,104-,105-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,112-,113-,114-,115-,116-,117-,118-,119-,120-,121-,122-,133-,134-,135-,136-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	(4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[2-[[2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-amino-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	IC50: GLP-1 receptor[1]
ln Vivo	In the hippocampal regions of male Wistar rats, the intracerebroventricular injection of exendin (5-39) (0.3 μg, once daily, 1-week) raises GLT-1 protein levels. Furthermore, hippocampus slices are made from rats that were either given with Exendin (5-39) or not. Exendin reduces the fEPSP decay time, improves the input-output relationship, and lowers the paired-pulse ratio in the dentate gyrus (DG). Moreover, Ex prevents long-term potentiation in the DG[1] but not long-term depression.
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Wistar rats (3 weeks old and 18 days pregnant)[1] Doses: 0.3 μg Route of Administration: Intracerebroventricular injection; 0.3 μg; one time/day; 1-week Experimental Results: Inhibited GLT-1 protein levels and inhibited long-term depression in rats.
References	[1]. Kazuma Kobayashi, et al. Exendin (5-39), an antagonist of GLP-1 receptor, modulates synaptic transmission via glutamate uptake in the dentate gyrus. Brain Res. 2013 Apr 10;1505:1-10.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	0.2627 mL	1.3136 mL	2.6272 mL
	5 mM	0.0525 mL	0.2627 mL	0.5254 mL
	10 mM	0.0263 mL	0.1314 mL	0.2627 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.