Emodic acid (NSC624610) is an anthraquinone compound from A. microcarpus, can stop the growth of cancer cells by preventing NF-κB from doing its job. Emodic acid can also reduce the expression of VEGF and MMP, phosphorylate p38, ERK, and JNK, and secrete the tumor-promoting cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. This reduces the ability of cancer cells to invade and migrate.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C15H8O7
Molecular Weight	300.21982
Exact Mass	300.027
CAS #	478-45-5
Related CAS #	478-45-5
PubChem CID	10169
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
LogP	1.277
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	7
Rotatable Bond Count	1
Heavy Atom Count	22
Complexity	516
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	OC1C2=C(C(=O)C3C(C2=O)=C(O)C=C(O)C=3)C=C(C(O)=O)C=1
InChi Key	CUUCCKPDUGAXQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C15H8O7/c16-5-3-7-10(9(18)4-5)14(20)12-8(17)2-1-6(15(21)22)11(12)13(7)19/h1-4,16-18H,(H,21,22)
Chemical Name	4,5,7-trihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-1-carboxylic acid
Synonyms	Emodic acid; NSC624610
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	The anti-proliferative effect of Rhein (0-100 μM, 72 h) is the strongest in breast cancer 4T1, MDA-231, and MCF-7 cell lines, with IC50 values of 9.33, 8.56, and 7.95 μM, respectively [1]. In the 4T1 cell line, Rhein (50 μM, 24 h) can block MMP-9 mRNA expression, phosphorylate p65, and substantially reduce NF-κB regulatory activity by 80.75% [1]. Within a 24-hour period, it is possible to suppress the expression of VEGF and MMP, the apoptotic processes of tumor cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, and the ability of 4T1 cells to migrate [1].
References	[1]. Inhibition of cell-intrinsic NF-κB activity and metastatic abilities of breast cancer by aloe-emodin and emodic-acid isolated from Asphodelus microcarpus. J Nat Med. 2021 Sep;75(4):840-853.
Additional Infomation	Emodicacid is a member of anthracenes.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.3309 mL	16.6545 mL	33.3089 mL
	5 mM	0.6662 mL	3.3309 mL	6.6618 mL
	10 mM	0.3331 mL	1.6654 mL	3.3309 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.