Didocosahexaenoin is an omega-3 analogue that is a diglyceride of DHA and can be synthesized from DHA triglyceride. Didocosahexaenoin causes a significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and induces ROS production. Didocosahexaenoin causes apoptosis. Didocosahexaenoin induces greater cytotoxic effect than DHA in human prostate cancer cells.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C25H40O5
Molecular Weight	420.58
Exact Mass	712.506
CAS #	124538-05-2
PubChem CID	53389484
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
Density	1.0±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	748.5±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	204.8±26.4 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±5.7 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.528
LogP	13.59
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	5
Rotatable Bond Count	34
Heavy Atom Count	52
Complexity	1120
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	O(C(CC/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\CC)=O)CC(COC(CC/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\CC)=O)O
InChi Key	MXYFTPKXCFFQRG-GZSOIYOPSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C47H68O5/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-21-23-25-27-29-31-33-35-37-39-41-46(49)51-43-45(48)44-52-47(50)42-40-38-36-34-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h5-8,11-14,17-20,23-26,29-32,35-38,45,48H,3-4,9-10,15-16,21-22,27-28,33-34,39-44H2,1-2H3/b7-5-,8-6-,13-11-,14-12-,19-17-,20-18-,25-23-,26-24-,31-29-,32-30-,37-35-,38-36-
Chemical Name	[3-[(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoyl]oxy-2-hydroxypropyl] (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoate
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	In PC3 cells, docosahexaenoic acid diglyceride (10–50 μM; 96 hours) causes apoptosis [1]. In human prostate cells, docosahexaenoic acid diglyceride (1 nM-100 μM; 96 hours) causes dose-dependent cytotoxicity [1]. The loss of mitochondrial membrane potential is significantly increased by docosahexaenoic acid diglyceride (30, 50 μM; 24 hours) [1].
Cell Assay	Apoptosis Analysis[1] Cell Types: PC3 cells Tested Concentrations: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 μM Incubation Duration: 24, 48 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Caused elevated levels of early apoptotic cells. Dramatically increased the level of activated caspase 3/7 for 6 h at 30 and 50 μM. Cell Cytotoxicity Assay[1] Cell Types: PC3, DU145, A2780 and A2780-CP70 carcinoma cells and MCF-7 and LNCaP cells Tested Concentrations: 1 nM-100 μM Incubation Duration: 96 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity with the strongest toxicity under 10.0 μM on DU145 and PC3 cells, A2780 and A2780-CP70 with IC50 of 3.20 and 3.82 μM, 4.6, 5.53 μM, respectively.
References	[1]. Investigation of the cytotoxicity induced by didocosahexaenoin, an omega 3 derivative, in human prostate carcinoma cell lines. Curr Res Pharmacol Drug Discov. 2022 Jan 19;3:100085.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.3777 mL	11.8883 mL	23.7767 mL
	5 mM	0.4755 mL	2.3777 mL	4.7553 mL
	10 mM	0.2378 mL	1.1888 mL	2.3777 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.