 Chemical Structure.png)
Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C3H6O3 |
| Molecular Weight | 90.0779 |
| Exact Mass | 90.031 |
| CAS # | 56-82-6 |
| Related CAS # | DL-Glyceraldehyde-1-13C;70849-18-2;DL-Glyceraldehyde-2-13C;71122-43-5;DL-Glyceraldehyde-13C,d;72599-69-0;DL-Glyceraldehyde-13C3;478529-56-5 |
| PubChem CID | 751 |
| Appearance | White to off-white solid powder |
| Density | 1.3±0.1 g/cm3 |
| Boiling Point | 228.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg |
| Melting Point | 144-145ºC(lit.) |
| Flash Point | 106.0±14.7 °C |
| Vapour Pressure | 0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C |
| Index of Refraction | 1.454 |
| LogP | -1.59 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 2 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 3 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 2 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 6 |
| Complexity | 43.3 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| SMILES | O([H])C([H])(C([H])=O)C([H])([H])O[H] |
| InChi Key | MNQZXJOMYWMBOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C3H6O3/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h1,3,5-6H,2H2 |
| Chemical Name | 2,3-dihydroxypropanal |
| Synonyms | DL-Glyceraldehyde; glyceraldehyde; 2,3-Dihydroxypropanal; 56-82-6; Glyceric aldehyde; Glycerose; Propanal, 2,3-dihydroxy-; Glycerinaldehyde; |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| Targets | Endogenous Metabolite |
| ln Vitro | DL Glyceraldehyde (5 mM; 24 hours) can inhibit cell migration and viability, arrest the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, and induce cell apoptosis [1]. DL Glyceraldehyde (5 mM; 24 hours) upregulated the expression of pro apoptotic proteins and downregulated the expression of anti apoptotic proteins in WB experiments [1]. DL Glyceraldehyde can inhibit cellular glycolysis and has a more significant inhibitory effect on the growth of neuroblastoma cells than on Chinese hamster ovary K1 cells [2]. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
751 rat LDLo oral 5 gm/kg American Journal of Hygiene., 76(209), 1962 [PMID:14025597] 751 rat LD50 intraperitoneal 2 gm/kg Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology., 17(814), 1965 [PMID:4379761] |
| References |
[1]. Regulation of the metabolite profile by an APC gene mutation in colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci. 2012;103(6):1010-1021. [2]. Effect of DL-glyceraldehyde on mouse neuroblastoma cells in culture. Cancer Res. 1972 Mar;32 (3) :532-4. |
| Additional Infomation |
Glyceraldehyde is an aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite. Glyceraldehyde has been reported in Homo sapiens, Salmonella enterica, and Pogostemon cablin with data available. Glyceraldehyde is a triose monosaccharide with chemical formula C3H6O3. It is the simplest of all common aldoses. It is a sweet colorless crystalline solid that is an intermediate compound in carbohydrate metabolism. The word comes from combining glycerine and aldehyde, as glyceraldehyde is merely glycerine with one hydroxide changed to an aldehyde. An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS. Mutation of the APC gene occurs during the early stages of colorectal cancer development. To obtain new insights into the mechanisms underlying the aberrant activation of the Wnt pathway that accompanies APC mutation, we carried out a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based semiquantitative metabolome analysis. In vitro experiments comparing SW480 cells expressing normal APC and truncated APC indicated that the levels of metabolites involved in the latter stages of the intracellular tricarboxylic acid cycle, including succinic acid, fumaric acid, and malic acid, were significantly higher in the SW480 cells expressing the truncated APC. In an in vivo study, we found that the levels of most amino acids were higher in the non‐polyp tissues of APC min/+ mice than in the normal tissues of the control mice and the polyp tissues of APC min/+ mice. Ribitol, the levels of which were decreased in the polyp lesions of the APC min/+ mice and the SW480 cells expressing the truncated APC, reduced the growth of SW480 cells with the APC mutation, but did not affect the growth of SW480 transfectants expressing full‐length APC. The level of sarcosine was found to be significantly higher in the polyp tissues of APC min/+ mice than in their non‐polyp tissues and the normal tissues of the control mice, and the treatment of SW480 cells with 50 μM sarcosine resulted in a significant increase in their growth rate. These findings suggest that APC mutation causes changes in energetic metabolite pathways and that these alterations might be involved in the development of colorectal cancer. (Cancer Sci 2012; 103: 1010–1021)[1] |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | H2O: 125 mg/mL (1387.66 mM) |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (27.75 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 +5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 + to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 11.1012 mL | 55.5062 mL | 111.0124 mL | |
| 5 mM | 2.2202 mL | 11.1012 mL | 22.2025 mL | |
| 10 mM | 1.1101 mL | 5.5506 mL | 11.1012 mL |