Carboxy-PTIO potassium is an effective nitric oxide (NO) scavenger that reacts quickly with NO to produce NO2. Carboxy-PTIO potassium prevents hypotension and endotoxic shock through direct scavenging effects on NO in lipopolysaccharide-induced rat models.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C14H16KN2O4
Molecular Weight	315.39
Exact Mass	315.074
CAS #	148819-94-7
Related CAS #	Carboxy-PTIO;145757-47-7
Appearance	Brown to black solid powder
Boiling Point	456.3ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	141-143°C
Flash Point	229.7ºC
LogP	1.756
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	The enhancement of NO expression generated by Physalin A treatment was greatly decreased by Carboxy-PTIO k (200 μM; 1 hour before Physalin A; 24 hours); however, Carboxy-PTIO therapy alone did not cause any alterations [1]. μM; Physalin A 1 hour; 24 hours) decreases internal procaspase-3 and PARP caused by physalin A, impairs the expression of ICAD, and lessens nucleus DNA fragmentation [1]. Carboxy-PTIO Potassium (200 μM; Physalin A 1 hour ago) did not affect iNOS expression, but it did reverse the downregulation of mTOR and p-mTOR levels in A375-S2 cells caused by Physalin A. It also inhibited LC3 in I to LC3; 24 hr.
ln Vivo	In LPS treatment, carboxy-PTIO (intravenous; 0.056-1.70 mg/kg/min; administered for 1 hour beginning 90 minutes after LPS injection) reduces newborn rates, hypotension, and renal failure.
Cell Assay	Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: A375-S2 Cell Tested Concentrations: 200 μM Incubation Duration: 1 h before conversion of physalin A; II[1]. 24-hour Experimental Results: Physalin A-induced cleavage of procaspase-3 and PARP was diminished.
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: SD rats [3] Doses: 0.056-1.70 mg/kg/min Route of Administration: intravenous (iv) (iv)injection; it does not affect the parameters of normal mice [3]. 0.056-1.70 mg/kg/min; Infusion started 90 minutes after LPS injection for 1 hour and 90 minutes. Experimental Results: Through the direct scavenging effect of NO, it demonstrated effective therapeutic value in endotoxic shock.
References	[1]. Nitric oxide induces apoptosis and autophagy; autophagy down-regulates NO synthesis in physalin A-treated A375-S2 human melanoma cells.Food Chem Toxicol. 2014 Sep;71:128-35. [2]. Antagonistic action of imidazolineoxyl N-oxides against endothelium-derived relaxing factor/.NO through a radical reaction. Biochemistry. 1993 Jan 26;32(3):827-32. [3]. Therapeutic effects of imidazolineoxyl N-oxide against endotoxin shock through its direct nitric oxide-scavenging activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Jul 29;202(2):923-30.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)	H2O : ~25 mg/mL (~79.27 mM) DMSO : ~10 mg/mL (~31.71 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)	Solubility in Formulation 1: 50 mg/mL (158.53 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.1707 mL	15.8534 mL	31.7068 mL
	5 mM	0.6341 mL	3.1707 mL	6.3414 mL
	10 mM	0.3171 mL	1.5853 mL	3.1707 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.