Capillarisin, a component of the Artemisia genus, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Capillarisin has been investigated for asthma-mediated complications and as a potential neuro-protection agent against bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C16H12O7
Molecular Weight	316.26
Exact Mass	316.058
CAS #	56365-38-9
PubChem CID	5281342
Appearance	Light yellow to yellow solid powder
Density	1.6±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	582.6±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	221.2±23.6 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.695
LogP	2.28
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	7
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	23
Complexity	469
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	NTKNGUAZSFAKEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C16H12O7/c1-21-16-11(19)6-12-14(15(16)20)10(18)7-13(23-12)22-9-4-2-8(17)3-5-9/h2-7,17,19-20H,1H3
Chemical Name	5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-6-methoxychromen-4-one
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	There are no notable effects of capillarisin (0~40 μM; 24 hours; SH-SY5Y cells) on the viability of these cells [3]. ..Incubating PI3K/PKB pathway inactivation, capillarisin (40 μM; 24 hours; SH-SY5Y cells) inhibits apoptosis in bupivacaine-challenged SH-SY5Y cells. However, this effect is reversed by LY294002 treatment, which counteracts bupivacaine-induced injury by stimulating the PI3K/PKB pathway[3]. ..In SH-SY5Y cells, capillarisin inhibits oxidative stress caused by bupivacaine by triggering the PI3K/PKB pathway. By triggering the PI3K/PKB pathway, capillarisin prevents endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial damage brought on by bupivacaine[3].
ln Vivo	Strong inhibition of NF-κB mediated genes (iNOS, COX-2) is observed upon pretreatment with capillarisin (20 and 80 mg/kg; ip; 1 hour)[4]. Capillarisin dramatically lowers the plasma resulting to the generation of nitrite. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) in plasma and substance P in paw tissue generated by CFA are significantly suppressed by capillarisin[4].
Cell Assay	Cell Viability Assay[3] Cell Types: SH-SY5Y cells Tested Concentrations: 0~40 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Did not produce any significant changes on the viability of SH-SY5Y cells. Western Blot Analysis[3] Cell Types: SH-SY5Y cells Tested Concentrations: 40 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Induced PI3K/PKB pathway inactivation in SH-SY5Y cells. Apoptosis Analysis[3] Cell Types: SH-SY5Y cells Tested Concentrations: 40 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Induced inhibition of apoptosis in bupivacaine-challenged SH-SY5Y cells was overturned by LY294002 treatment.
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: ICR mice[4] Doses: 20 and 80 mg/kg Route of Administration: Ip; 1 hour Experimental Results: Pretreatment strongly inhibited NF-κB mediated genes (iNOS, COX-2).
References	[1]. Capillarisin exerts antiasthmatic activity in neonatal rats via modulating the matrix remodeling. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2020;33(4(Supplementary)):1907-1915. [2]. Capillarisin, a Constituent from Artemisiae Capillaris Herba. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1975. [3]. Zhao T, Wang Q. Capillarisin protects SH-SY5Y cells against bupivacaine-induced apoptosis via ROS-mediated PI3K/PKB pathway. Life Sci. 2020;259:118279. [4]. Anti-hyperalgesic and anti-allodynic activities of capillarisin via suppression of inflammatory signaling in animal model. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;152(3):478-486.
Additional Infomation	Capillarisin is a member of coumarins. Capillarisin has been reported in Artemisia capillaris with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.1620 mL	15.8098 mL	31.6196 mL
	5 mM	0.6324 mL	3.1620 mL	6.3239 mL
	10 mM	0.3162 mL	1.5810 mL	3.1620 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.