Asteltoxin is an extracellular vesicle (EV) inhibitor that inhibits mitochondrial ATP synthase and mTORC1 activation.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C23H30O7
Molecular Weight	418.48
Exact Mass	418.199
CAS #	79663-49-3
PubChem CID	6438150
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
Density	1.24g/cm3
Boiling Point	612.1ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	208.5ºC
Index of Refraction	1.579
LogP	2.734
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	7
Rotatable Bond Count	6
Heavy Atom Count	30
Complexity	837
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	6
SMILES	CC[C@@H]1[C@]([C@]2([C@H]([C@H](O[C@H]2O1)/C=C/C=C/C=C/C3=C(C(=CC(=O)O3)OC)C)O)C)(C)O
InChi Key	GPXPJKFETRLRAS-AHUKKWBBSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C23H30O7/c1-6-18-23(4,26)22(3)20(25)16(29-21(22)30-18)12-10-8-7-9-11-15-14(2)17(27-5)13-19(24)28-15/h7-13,16,18,20-21,25-26H,6H2,1-5H3/b8-7+,11-9+,12-10+/t16-,18-,20+,21+,22+,23+/m1/s1
Chemical Name	6-[(1E,3E,5E)-6-[(2R,3R,3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-2-ethyl-3,4-dihydroxy-3,3a-dimethyl-2,4,5,6a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-5-yl]hexa-1,3,5-trienyl]-4-methoxy-5-methylpyran-2-one
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	Asteltoxin (1-100 μg/ml) inhibits the production of CD63-positive extracellular vesicles with an IC50 of 2.1 μg/ml and shows no significant cytotoxicity in HT29 cells[1]. Asteltoxin (1-10 μg/ml) activates the AMPK pathway and inhibits the mTORC1 pathway by inducing ATP downregulation, activating lysosomal function and inhibiting the secretion of extracellular vesicles by cancer cells PC-3[1].
Cell Assay	Cell Cytotoxicity Assay[1] Cell Types: HT-29 Concentration: 1-100 μg/ml Incubation Duration: 24 h Experimental Results: Exhibited cytotoxicity with an IC50 over 100 μg/ml. Cell Proliferation Assay[1] Cell Types: PC-3 Concentration: 1-10 μg/ml Incubation Duration: 3 days Experimental Results: Revealed no effect on anchorage-dependent growth of PC-3. Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: PC-3 Concentration: 1-10 μg/ml Incubation Duration: 24 h Experimental Results: Increased levels of pAMPK Decreased levels of pS6K and p4E-BP1.
Toxicity/Toxicokinetics	Toxicity Summary Asteltoxin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by affecting its energy transfer system. It does this by inhibiting Mg2+ and Na+/K+-ATPases. (A3002, A3003, A3031)
References	[1]. Mitani F,et al., Asteltoxin inhibits extracellular vesicle production through AMPK/mTOR-mediated activation of lysosome function. Sci Rep. 2022 Apr 23;12(1):6674.
Additional Infomation	Asteltoxin is a furofuran. Asteltoxin has been reported in Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis, Aspergillus insulicola, and other organisms with data available. Asteltoxin is a mycotoxin of Aspergillus stellatus and Emericella varicolor Asteltoxin belongs to the family of Furofurans. These are organic compounds containing a two furan rings fused to each other.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.3896 mL	11.9480 mL	23.8960 mL
	5 mM	0.4779 mL	2.3896 mL	4.7792 mL
	10 mM	0.2390 mL	1.1948 mL	2.3896 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.