Antofloxacin is a well-tolerated, orally bioactive, broad-spectrum 8-aminofluoroquinolone active molecule with strong anti-bacterial effect. Compared with levofloxacin, Antofloxacin showed stronger anti-bacterial effect against gyrA mutation-positive Helicobacter pylori, especially against Asn87 mutant strains. Antofloxacin is a weak, reversible inhibitor of CYP1A2 used to study infections caused by a variety of bacteria.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C18H21FN4O4
Molecular Weight	376.38
Exact Mass	376.155
CAS #	119354-43-7
Related CAS #	Antofloxacin hydrochloride;873888-67-6
PubChem CID	24806573
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
LogP	1.71
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	9
Rotatable Bond Count	2
Heavy Atom Count	27
Complexity	666
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	1
SMILES	FC1C(=C2C(C(C(=O)O)=CN3C2=C(C=1N1CCN(C)CC1)OC[C@@H]3C)=O)N
InChi Key	MHFCVNDHFSOKMK-VIFPVBQESA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C18H21FN4O4/c1-9-8-27-17-14-11(16(24)10(18(25)26)7-23(9)14)13(20)12(19)15(17)22-5-3-21(2)4-6-22/h7,9H,3-6,8,20H2,1-2H3,(H,25,26)/t9-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	(2S)-8-amino-7-fluoro-2-methyl-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-10-oxo-4-oxa-1-azatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-5(13),6,8,11-tetraene-11-carboxylic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	Quinolone
ln Vivo	In terms of total drug concentrations, the antofloxacin (2.5~160 mg/kg; sc; 24 hours) penetration ratio varies between 1.22 and 1.54, regardless of dose levels[3]. In part by inhibiting CYP1A2 through a mechanism, antofloxacin raises the levels of theophylline in plasma. As is typical of mechanism-based inhibition, antofloxacin suppresses the production of the three theophylline metabolites in a manner that is dependent on time, concentration, and NADPH[2].
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Mice[3] Doses: 2.5~160 mg/kg (pharmacokinetic/PK Analysis) Route of Administration: Sc; 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Penetration ratio ranged from 1.22 to 1.54 for the total drug concentrations and was independent of the dose levels.
References	[1]. He XJ, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Antofloxacin-Based Triple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication Failure in China [published online ahead of print, 2021 Feb 8]. Dig Dis Sci. 2021;10.1007/s10620-021-06856-z. [2]. Liu L, et al. Modulation of pharmacokinetics of theophylline by antofloxacin, a novel 8-amino-fluoroquinolone, in humans. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2011;32(10):1285-1293. [3]. Zhou YF, et al. In Vivo Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profiles of Antofloxacin against Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Neutropenic Murine Lung Infection Model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017;61(5):e02691-16. Published 2017 Apr 24.
Additional Infomation	Antofloxacin is a member of quinolines.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.6569 mL	13.2844 mL	26.5689 mL
	5 mM	0.5314 mL	2.6569 mL	5.3138 mL
	10 mM	0.2657 mL	1.3284 mL	2.6569 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.