Adenosine 5'-monophosphate disodium is an orally bioactive purine nucleotide involved in ATP metabolism. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate disodium is also a ligand for adenosine 2B receptor. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate disodium can activate AMPK in skeletal muscle and improve insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate disodium may be utilized in diabetes research.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C10H12N5NA2O7P
Molecular Weight	391.18
Exact Mass	391.026
CAS #	4578-31-8
Related CAS #	Adenosine monophosphate;61-19-8;Adenosine 5'-monophosphate monohydrate;18422-05-4;Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-13C disodium;Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-d2 disodium;Adenosine-5'-monophosphate-15N5 disodium
PubChem CID	20712
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
Boiling Point	798.5ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	232-235ºC
Flash Point	436.7ºC
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	11
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	25
Complexity	469
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	4
SMILES	P(=O)([O-])([O-])OC([H])([H])[C@]1([H])[C@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@]([H])(N2C([H])=NC3=C(N([H])[H])N=C([H])N=C23)O1)O[H])O[H].[Na+].[Na+]
InChi Key	QGXLVXZRPRRCRP-IDIVVRGQSA-L
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C10H14N5O7P.2Na/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(22-10)1-21-23(18,19)20;;/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20);;/q;2*+1/p-2/t4-,6-,7-,10-;;/m1../s1
Chemical Name	disodium;[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphate
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	A2BR
ln Vivo	In HFD-induced diabetic rats, adenosine 5'-monophosphate (10 and 13 mg/L, given in distilled water, 25 weeks) disodium enhances glucose metabolism[1]. In mice, adenosine receptors allow adenosine 5'-monophosphate (40–800 mg/kg, ip) to decrease body temperature[2].
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: C57BL/6 J mice with high-fat diet-induced diabetes[1] Doses: 10 and 13 mg/L Route of Administration: Added in distilled water, for 25 weeks Experimental Results: Enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK and mRNA levels of genes involved in lipid oxidation in the skeletal muscle.
References	[1]. Ardiansyah, et al. Adenosine and adenosine-5'-monophosphate ingestion ameliorates abnormal glucose metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018 Nov 14;18(1):304. [2]. Steven J. Swoap, et al. AMP does not induce torpor. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2007 293:1, R468-R473. [3]. Holien JK, et al. AMP and adenosine are both ligands for adenosine 2B receptor signaling. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2018 Jan 15;28(2):202-206.
Additional Infomation	Adenosine 5'-phosphate disodium is an organic molecular entity. Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. See also: Adenosine Phosphate (annotation moved to).

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

H2O: 100 mg/mL (255.64 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.5564 mL	12.7818 mL	25.5637 mL
	5 mM	0.5113 mL	2.5564 mL	5.1127 mL
	10 mM	0.2556 mL	1.2782 mL	2.5564 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.