 Chemical Structure.png)
Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C23H38N7O17P3S |
| Molecular Weight | 809.57 |
| Exact Mass | 809.125 |
| CAS # | 72-89-9 |
| Related CAS # | Acetyl Coenzyme A trisodium;102029-73-2;Acetyl coenzyme A lithium;32140-51-5;Acetyl coenzyme A trilithium;75520-41-1 |
| PubChem CID | 444493 |
| Appearance | Typically exists as solid at room temperature |
| Density | 1.9±0.1 g/cm3 |
| Index of Refraction | 1.718 |
| LogP | -5.6 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 9 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 22 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 20 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 51 |
| Complexity | 1380 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 5 |
| SMILES | CC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)[C@@H](C(C)(C)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)OP(=O)(O)O)O |
| InChi Key | ZSLZBFCDCINBPY-ZSJPKINUSA-N |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C23H38N7O17P3S/c1-12(31)51-7-6-25-14(32)4-5-26-21(35)18(34)23(2,3)9-44-50(41,42)47-49(39,40)43-8-13-17(46-48(36,37)38)16(33)22(45-13)30-11-29-15-19(24)27-10-28-20(15)30/h10-11,13,16-18,22,33-34H,4-9H2,1-3H3,(H,25,32)(H,26,35)(H,39,40)(H,41,42)(H2,24,27,28)(H2,36,37,38)/t13-,16-,17-,18+,22-/m1/s1 |
| Chemical Name | S-[2-[3-[[(2R)-4-[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] ethanethioate |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| Targets | Human Endogenous Metabolite |
| ln Vitro | In starved U2OS cells, acetyl coenzyme A decreases starvation-induced autophagy flux while increasing cytoplasmic protein acetylation. (U2OS cells are microinjected with Acetyl Coenzyme A and stably express GFP-LC3. They are then treated with 100 nM BafA1 for three hours in the absence of nutrients, after which they are fixed)[2]. |
| ln Vivo | Acetyl coenzyme A prevents mice from developing cardiomyopathy brought on by pressure overload [2][3]. In various organs, including the heart and muscle, mice given no meal for a full day displayed markedly lower levels of total Acetyl coenzyme A, which is correlated with lower levels of protein acetylation. However, the mice were allowed unlimited access to water. The liver's levels of protein acetylation and acetyl coenzyme A were elevated under the identical experimental settings, but there was no discernible impact on brain acetyl coenzyme A concentrations [4]. |
| References |
[1]. The growing landscape of lysine acetylation links metabolism and cell signalling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2014 Aug;15(8):536-50. [2]. Regulation of autophagy by cytosolic acetyl-coenzyme A. Mol Cell. 2014 Mar 6;53(5):710-25. [3]. Cardiac autophagy is a maladaptive response to hemodynamic stress. J Clin Invest. 2007 Jul;117(7):1782-93. [4]. Acetyl coenzyme A: a central metabolite and second messenger. Cell Metab. 2015 Jun 2;21(6):805-21. |
| Additional Infomation |
Acetyl-CoA is an acyl-CoA having acetyl as its S-acetyl component. It has a role as an effector, a coenzyme, an acyl donor and a fundamental metabolite. It is functionally related to an acetic acid and a coenzyme A. It is a conjugate acid of an acetyl-CoA(4-). Acetyl-CoA is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Acetyl coenzyme A has been reported in Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens, and other organisms with data available. Acetyl Coenzyme A is the condensation product of coenzyme A and acetic acid which participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. In addition, Acetyl Coenzyme A acts as a biological acetylating agent. Acetyl-CoA is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.2352 mL | 6.1761 mL | 12.3522 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2470 mL | 1.2352 mL | 2.4704 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1235 mL | 0.6176 mL | 1.2352 mL |