(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid ((R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid) sodium is a metabolite obtained from ethyl acetate catalyzed by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium can be used as a nutrient source and precursor of vitamins, antibiotics, and pheromones.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C4H7NAO3
Molecular Weight	126.09
CAS #	13613-65-5
Related CAS #	(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid-13C2 sodium;202114-54-3;(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid-13C4 sodium;2483735-72-2;(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid,3-Hydroxybutanoic acid-13C sodium;(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid-d3 sodium;(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid (sodium) (Standard);13613-65-5
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Boiling Point	269.2ºCat 760 mmHg
Melting Point	149-155ºC(lit.)
Flash Point	121ºC
Vapour Pressure	0.000979mmHg at 25°C
LogP	0
SMILES	[Na+].O([H])[C@]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C(=O)[O-]
Synonyms	(R)-(-)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium salt; (R)-(-)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	Microbial Metabolite Human Endogenous Metabolite
ln Vitro	(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium is a metabolite derived from acetoacetate. Enhanced fatty acid oxidation in the liver leads to increased production of acetoacetate, which is then converted to (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium via a reaction catalyzed by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase[1].
References	[1]. Ide T. Enzymatic-HPLC method to analyze D-3-hydroxybutyric acid in rat serum. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(8):1578-82. [2]. Production of (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid by Arxula adeninivorans. AMB Express. 2017 Dec;7(1):4.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~793.08 mM; with ultrasonication) DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~396.54 mM; with ultrasonication (<60°C))

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (19.83 mM)(saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one),clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution and add it to 400 μL PEG300, mix well; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above system, mix well; then continue to add 450 μL of normal saline to make up to 1 mL. Preparation of normal saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in ddH₂O and make up to 100 mL to obtain a clear and transparent normal saline solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (19.83 mM)(saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one),clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution and add it to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD saline solution and mix well. 2 g SBE-β-CD (sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin) powder is diluted to 10 mL of saline and completely dissolved until clear and transparent. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (19.83 mM)(saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one),clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution and add it to 900 μL corn oil and mix well. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (793.08 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one),clear solution; with sonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	7.9308 mL	39.6542 mL	79.3084 mL
	5 mM	1.5862 mL	7.9308 mL	15.8617 mL
	10 mM	0.7931 mL	3.9654 mL	7.9308 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.