| Description | Purpurogallin is a naturally phenol extracted from the plants of Quercus spp. It has effective xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (IC50: 0.2 μM). Purpurogallin also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. |
| In vitro | Purpurogallin (100 μM; 75-120 minutes; BV2 murine microglial cells) exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Purpurogallin (50 or 100 μM; 7 or 25 hours; BV2 murine microglial cells) treatment decreases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by suppressing their mRNA and protein expression in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells[1]. |
| In vivo | 通过同时抑制IL-6和TNF-α mRNA表达，并减少HMGB1蛋白质及mRNA表达的双重效应，Purpurogallin（100-400μg/kg；腹腔注射；持续48或72小时；雄性斯普拉格-道利大鼠）发挥其抗神经炎症作用[2]。 |
| Target activity | XO:0.2 μM |
| Synonyms | 红倍酚, 红陪酚 |
| molecular weight | 220.18 |
| Molecular formula | C11H8O5 |
| CAS | 569-77-7 |
| Storage | Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year |
| Solubility | DMSO: 125 mg/mL (567.72 mM), Sonication is recommended. |
| References | 1. Park HY, et al. Purpurogallin exerts anti‑inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated BV2 microglial cells through the inactivation of the NF‑κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Int J Mol Med. 2013 Nov;32(5):1171-8. 2. Chang CZ, et al. Purpurogallin, a natural phenol, attenuates high-mobility group box 1 in subarachnoid hemorrhage induced vasospasm in a rat model. Int J Vasc Med. 2014;2014:254270. 3. Honda S, et al. Conversion to purpurogallin, a key step in the mechanism of the potent xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of pyrogallol. Free Radic Biol Med. 2017 May;106:228-235. |