WKYMVM-NH2 TFA is a potent agonist of N-formyl peptide receptors FPR1 and FPRL1/2, and can also activate some leukocyte effector functions, such as chemotaxis, activation of complement receptor-3 and NADPH oxidase.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C43H62F3N9O9S2
Molecular Weight	970.13
Exact Mass	969.406
CAS #	1435781-74-0
PubChem CID	71312038
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	11
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	16
Rotatable Bond Count	26
Heavy Atom Count	66
Complexity	1440
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	6
SMILES	CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)N.C(=O)(C(F)(F)F)O
InChi Key	MYVYQWVNXDVTBW-CZPFDPCBSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C41H61N9O7S2.C2HF3O2/c1-24(2)35(41(57)46-31(36(44)52)16-19-58-3)50-39(55)33(17-20-59-4)48-40(56)34(21-25-12-14-27(51)15-13-25)49-38(54)32(11-7-8-18-42)47-37(53)29(43)22-26-23-45-30-10-6-5-9-28(26)30;3-2(4,5)1(6)7/h5-6,9-10,12-15,23-24,29,31-35,45,51H,7-8,11,16-22,42-43H2,1-4H3,(H2,44,52)(H,46,57)(H,47,53)(H,48,56)(H,49,54)(H,50,55);(H,6,7)/t29-,31-,32-,33-,34-,35-;/m0./s1
Chemical Name	(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]-N-[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]hexanamide;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	WKYMVM-NH2 TFA (10-1000 nM; 24 hours) stimulates the growth of Caco-2 cells[3].
ln Vivo	WKYMVM-NH2 TFA (8 mg/kg; six times; five days) reduces ulcerative colitis brought on by DSS[3]. In the DSS colitis model, WKYMVM-NH2 TFA alters the profiles of cytokines (IL-17, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α)[3].
Cell Assay	Cell Proliferation Assay[3] Cell Types: Caco-2 cells (the intestinal epithelial cells) Tested Concentrations: 0 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, 1000 nM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Induced cell proliferation.
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Sixweeks old C57BL/6 mice, DSS model[3] Doses: 8 mg/kg Route of Administration: subcutaneously (sc) injected, six subcutaneous (sc) administrations at 12-h intervals, for 5 days Experimental Results: Attenuated the DSS-induced increase in the bleeding score and the stool score.
References	[1]. The synthetic peptide Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-Met-NH2 specifically activates neutrophils through FPRL1/lipoxin A4 receptors and is an agonist for the orphan monocyte-expressed chemoattractant receptor FPRL2. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 15;276(24):21585-93. [2]. Phagocyte activation by Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-Met, acting through FPRL1/LXA4R, is not affected by lipoxin A4. Scand J Immunol. 2002 Nov;56(5):470-6. [3]. The immune-stimulating peptide WKYMVm has therapeutic effects against ulcerative colitis. Exp Mol Med. 2013 Sep; 45(9): e40.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

H2O: 12.5 mg/mL (12.88 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.0308 mL	5.1539 mL	10.3079 mL
	5 mM	0.2062 mL	1.0308 mL	2.0616 mL
	10 mM	0.1031 mL	0.5154 mL	1.0308 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.