Virginiamycin S1 is a novel, potent and naturally occurring cyclic hexadepsipeptide antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis at the level of aminoacyl-tRNA binding and peptide bond formation. Virginiamycin S1 is produced by Streptomyces virginiae, and shows a strong bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria. Effective in treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C43H49N7O10 |
| Molecular Weight | 823.8901 |
| Exact Mass | 823.354 |
| CAS # | 23152-29-6 |
| PubChem CID | 5388936 |
| Appearance | Typically exists as solid at room temperature |
| Vapour Pressure | 0mmHg at 25°C |
| LogP | 2.066 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 4 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 11 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 6 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 60 |
| Complexity | 1620 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 7 |
| SMILES | CC[C@@H]1C(N2CCC[C@H]2C(N([C@H](C(N3CCC(C[C@H]3C(N[C@H](C(O[C@@H]([C@H](NC(C4=C(O)C=CC=N4)=O)C(N1)=O)C)=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)=O)=O)=O)CC6=CC=CC=C6)C)=O)=O |
| InChi Key | FEPMHVLSLDOMQC-IYPFLVAKSA-N |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C43H49N7O10/c1-4-29-40(56)49-21-12-17-30(49)41(57)48(3)32(23-26-13-7-5-8-14-26)42(58)50-22-19-28(51)24-31(50)37(53)47-35(27-15-9-6-10-16-27)43(59)60-25(2)34(38(54)45-29)46-39(55)36-33(52)18-11-20-44-36/h5-11,13-16,18,20,25,29-32,34-35,52H,4,12,17,19,21-24H2,1-3H3,(H,45,54)(H,46,55)(H,47,53)/t25-,29-,30+,31+,32+,34+,35+/m1/s1 |
| Chemical Name | N-[(3S,6S,12R,15S,16R,19S,22S)-3-benzyl-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| References |
[1]. VisG is essential for biosynthesis of virginiamycin S, a streptogramin type B antibiotic, as a provider of the nonproteinogenic amino acid phenylglycine. Microbiology. 2011 Nov;157(Pt 11):3213-20. [2]. Purification and characterization of virginiamycin M1 reductase from Streptomyces virginiae. Sci Rep. 2017 Sep 8;7(1):11017. |
| Additional Infomation |
Virginiamycin S1 is a cyclodepsipeptide that is N-(3-hydroxypicolinoyl)-L-threonyl-D-alpha-aminobutyryl-L-prolyl-N-methyl-L-phenylalanyl-4-oxo-L-pipecoloyl-L-2-phenylglycine in which the carboxy group of the 2-phenylglycine moiety has undergone formal intramolecular condensation with the hydroxy group of the N-(3-hydroxypicolinoyl)-L-threonyl to give the corresponding 19-membered ring lactone. It is one of the two major components of the antibacterial drug virginiamycin, produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and a bacterial metabolite. It is a cyclodepsipeptide and a macrolide antibiotic. One of the components of virginiamycin, a cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from streptomyces virginiae, s. Loidensis, s. Mitakaensis, s. Pristina-spiralis, s. Ostreogriseus, and others. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry. Virginiamycin factor S has been reported in Streptomyces virginiae with data available. Virginiamycin S1 is a streptomycin B-related cyclic depsipeptide isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces virginiae and other Streptomyces bacterial species. Virginiamycin S1 binds to and inhibits the formation of 50S ribosomes, thereby preventing protein synthesis. (NCI04) |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.2138 mL | 6.0688 mL | 12.1375 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2428 mL | 1.2138 mL | 2.4275 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1214 mL | 0.6069 mL | 1.2138 mL |