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VS-5584 (also known as SB2343), a purine analog, is a novel, potent, and selective small-molecule dual inhibitor of both mTOR kinase and all class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) isoforms with potential anticancer activity. With IC50 values of 37 nmol/L, 16 nmol/L, 68 nmol/L, 25 nmol/L, and 42 nmol/L, respectively, it inhibits the activity of mTOR, PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ by competing with ATP. By preventing the phosphorylation of substrates downstream of PI3K and mTORC1/2, VS-5585 effectively modulates the cellular PI3K/mTOR pathway, one of the signaling pathways that is most frequently activated in human cancer.
Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C17H22N8O |
| Molecular Weight | 354.40958 |
| Exact Mass | 354.19166 |
| Elemental Analysis | C, 57.61; H, 6.26; N, 31.62; O, 4.51 |
| CAS # | 1246560-33-7 |
| Related CAS # | 1246560-33-7 |
| PubChem CID | 46912230 |
| Appearance | White to off-white crystalline solid |
| Density | 1.7±0.1 g/cm3 |
| Index of Refraction | 1.796 |
| LogP | 2.41 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 1 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 8 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 3 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 26 |
| Complexity | 466 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| SMILES | NC1=NC=C(C2=C3N=C(C)N(C(C)C)C3=NC(N4CCOCC4)=N2)C=N1 |
| InChi Key | QYBGBLQCOOISAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C17H22N8O/c1-10(2)25-11(3)21-14-13(12-8-19-16(18)20-9-12)22-17(23-15(14)25)24-4-6-26-7-5-24/h8-10H,4-7H2,1-3H3,(H2,18,19,20) |
| Chemical Name | 5-(8-methyl-2-morpholin-4-yl-9-propan-2-ylpurin-6-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine |
| Synonyms | VS5584; VS5584; VS 5584; 1246560-33-7; VS-5584; 5-(9-Isopropyl-8-methyl-2-morpholino-9H-purin-6-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine; VS-5584 (SB2343); 5-(8-methyl-2-morpholin-4-yl-9-propan-2-ylpurin-6-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine; UNII-W71J4X250V; SB2343; SB2343; SB 2343 |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| Targets | PI3Kα (IC50 = 16 nM); PI3Kγ (IC50 = 25 nM); PI3Kδ (IC50 = 42 nM); PI3Kβ (IC50 = 68 nM); Vps34 (IC50 = 7470 nM); mTOR (IC50 = 37 nM); DNA-PK (IC50 = 1270 nM); mTORC1; mTORC2 |
| ln Vitro | VS-5584 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor which selectively inhibits PI3K/mTOR signaling with equivalent low nanomolar potency against all human Class I PI3K isoforms and mTOR kinase. With an EC50 of 15 nM in HMLE breast cancer cells, VS-5584 is roughly 10-fold selective for cancer stem cells. In a HMLER immortalized mammary cancer cell line, VS-5584 preferentially reduces CD44Hi/CD24Lo cells. VS-5584 successfully eradicates the cancer stem cell side population in SUM159 cells. Wide-ranging antiproliferative sensitivity is found in a large human cancer cell line panel screen (436 lines), and cells with PI3KCA mutations are generally more responsive to VS-5584 treatment. |
| ln Vivo | In mice bearing triple negative breast cancer tumors, oral dosing of VS-5584 decreases tumor cancer stem cells and induces tumor regression in taxane-resistant models. Treatment with VS-5584 significantly inhibits tumor growth (TGI) in a PTENnull human prostate PC3 xenograft model by 79% and 113% for 11 and 25 mg/kg, respectively. A dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth is brought about by VS-5584 treatment in a FLT3-ITD AML xenograft model (28% at 3.7 mg/kg and 76% at 11 mg/kg). [1] |
| Enzyme Assay | The reaction mixture consisted of the following components in 10 μL assay buffer (50 mM Hepes pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl 2, 3 mM MnCl 2, 1 mM EGTA, 2 mM DTT, 0.01%Tween-20): 10 μM ATP, 0.05 μM ULight-eIF4E-binding protein 1 (Thr37/46) peptide, and 0.10 μg/mL of house-made mTOR enzyme. At room temperature, the mixture is incubated for 60 minutes. Then, 1X LANCE® Detection Buffer and 10 μL of the detection mixture, which included 16 mM EDTA, 0.004 mM Eu-W1024-labeled Anti-Phospho-eIF4E-binding protein 1-(Thr37/46) antibody, are added. The mixture is then incubated for 60 min. |
| Cell Assay | For proliferation assays in 96-well plates, SET-2, SNU-478, SNU-1196, SNU-245, SNU-1079, SNU-308, SNU-869, and MKN7 cells are used. The multiple myeloma cells (H929, MM1.S, MM1.R, R8226, U266) and nasopharyngeal cells (CNE-1, CNE-2, HONE1, HK1) are used. The following day, cells are treated with VS-5584 (in triplicates) at concentrations up to 10 μMfor 48 hours after being seeded at 30% to 50% confluency for adherent cells or 2,000 to 6,000 cells for suspension cells. The CellTiter-Glo assay is used to track cell viability. Using the XL-fit program, dose-response curves were plotted to determine the IC50 values for the compounds. |
| Animal Protocol |
Mice: Athymic BALB/c nude mice (BALB/cOlaHsd-Foxn1nu) are used. Fox-Chase severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice (CB17/Icr-Prkdcscid/CrlBltw) are used. The right flank of male (PC3 and COLO 205), female (MV4-11 and HuH7), or male (NCI-N87) BALB/c nude mice is intradermally implanted with 5106 (PC3, COLO205, HuH7, NCI-N87), or 1107 (MV4-11) cells. Using a 27.5-gauge needle, cells are resuspended in 70% (v/v; only for COLO205 and HuH7) or 50% (v/v) serum-free growth medium/Matrigel and injected in a total volume of 100 L. Dosing began seven to fourteen days after tumor implantation. Oral doses of VS-5584 (11 and 25 mg/kg) are administered daily[1].
Dosing started 7 to 14 days after tumor implantation. VS-5584 was dosed daily orally. The reference compounds everolimus and gefitinib were dosed p.o. at 5 and 150 mg/kg, respectively, with everolimus dosed daily and gefitinib dosed for 5 day-on and 2 day-off in cycles. 5-FU was administered intraperitoneally, at 25 mg/kg, every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. All statistics conducted were done using GraphPad Prism (v5). |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of VS-5584
To investigate the efficacy of VS-5584 in disease models, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of VS-5584 was determined to enable the selection of an optimal dosing schedule. A single oral dose of VS-5584 was rapidly absorbed with a tmax of 0.9 hours and an elimination half-life of 10 hours (Supplementary Fig. S3). To determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationship in tumors, PC3-tumor–bearing mice were treated with a single dose of VS-5584 and plasma and tumors were harvested after 6 hours and analyzed for concentrations of VS-5584 and effects on target efficacy biomarkers. Plasma levels of VS-5584 increased dose-dependently (Fig. 2A). Plasma pharmacokinetic was not significantly different to tumor pharmacokinetic. Drug levels exceeded the IC50 for inhibition of the target kinases in the enzymatic and cell-based assays starting from 3.7 mg/kg. Dose-dependent inhibition of pAkt(S473) and pS6 (S240/244) was observed in tumor tissue with complete inhibition from 33 mg/kg (EC50 of 4.2 and 1.7 mg/kg; Fig. 2B). To study the time course of drug levels and inhibition of target kinase signaling in plasma and tumor, PC3-tumor–bearing mice were treated with a single oral dose of 33 mg/kg VS-5584 and the tissues harvested 1, 6, and 24 hours postdosing. The plasma concentration of VS-5584 following the 33 mg/kg dose of VS-5584 was highest 1 hour after dosing (1221 ng/mL or 3.55 μmol/L) and was still above concentrations required to block the targets in in vitro assays after 24 hours (15 ng/mL or 43 nmol/L; Fig. 2C). pAkt(S473) and pS6(S240/244) were blocked by 90% or more within 1 hour of VS-5584 treatment and remained inhibited by 60% to 70% after 24 hours (Fig. 2D).[1] In summary, VS-5584 shows good oral bioavailability with dose-linear pharmacokinetic and a profound and long-lasting pharmacodynamic response in tumor tissue following a single oral dose in tumor bearing mice.[1] |
| References |
[1]. VS-5584, a novel and highly selective PI3K/mTOR kinase inhibitor for the treatment of cancer. Mol Cancer Ther, 2013, 12(2), 151-161. |
| Additional Infomation |
VS-5584 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lymphoma, Metastatic Cancer, and Non Hematologic Cancers. PI3K/mTOR Kinase Inhibitor VS-5584 is a potent and selective inhibitor of both phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase in the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway, with potential antineoplastic activity. PI3K/mTOR kinase inhibitor VS-5584 inhibits mTOR kinase and all class I PI3K isoforms. Consequently, this disrupts phosphorylation of substrates downstream of PI3K and mTOR and may result in apoptosis and growth inhibition in susceptible tumor cells. Activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway promotes cell growth, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase downstream of PI3K, which also has PI3K-independent activity. Consequently, this agent may potentially be more potent than an agent that inhibits either PI3K kinase or mTOR kinase. Dysregulation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway, either through amplifications, deletions, or as a direct result of mutations, has been closely linked to the development and progression of a wide range of cancers. Moreover, this pathway activation is a poor prognostic marker for many tumor types and confers resistance to various cancer therapies. Here, we describe VS-5584, a novel, low-molecular weight compound with equivalent potent activity against mTOR (IC(50) = 37 nmol/L) and all class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) isoforms IC(50): PI3Kα = 16 nmol/L; PI3Kβ = 68 nmol/L; PI3Kγ = 25 nmol/L; PI3Kδ = 42 nmol/L, without relevant activity on 400 lipid and protein kinases. VS-5584 shows robust modulation of cellular PI3K/mTOR pathways, inhibiting phosphorylation of substrates downstream of PI3K and mTORC1/2. A large human cancer cell line panel screen (436 lines) revealed broad antiproliferative sensitivity and that cells harboring mutations in PI3KCA are generally more sensitive toward VS-5584 treatment. VS-5584 exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic properties after oral dosing in mice and is well tolerated. VS-5584 induces long-lasting and dose-dependent inhibition of PI3K/mTOR signaling in tumor tissue, leading to tumor growth inhibition in various rapalog-sensitive and -resistant human xenograft models. Furthermore, VS-5584 is synergistic with an EGF receptor inhibitor in a gastric tumor model. The unique selectivity profile and favorable pharmacologic and pharmaceutical properties of VS-5584 and its efficacy in a wide range of human tumor models supports further investigations of VS-5584 in clinical trials.[1] In summary, the favorable target selectivity profile, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of VS-5584 and as a consequence its efficacy in a range of tumors resistant to rapalogs and standard of care, provide a compelling rationale for the clinical evaluation of this drug in a range of liquid and solid tumor indications. The genetic markers of sensitivity and resistance identified in the large cell panel screen provide a rationale for patient selection for single-agent therapy as well as for drug combinations.[1] |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: ~71 mg/mL (~200.3 mM) Water: <1 mg/mL Ethanol: ~3 mg/mL (~8.5 mM) |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.05 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.05 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.05 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. Solubility in Formulation 4: 0.5% methylcellulose+0.2%Tween 80: 30 mg/mL (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.8216 mL | 14.1080 mL | 28.2159 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5643 mL | 2.8216 mL | 5.6432 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2822 mL | 1.4108 mL | 2.8216 mL |