Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C14H18N4O4 |
| Molecular Weight | 306.31712 |
| Exact Mass | 306.133 |
| CAS # | 27653-68-5 |
| PubChem CID | 5244071 |
| Appearance | Typically exists as solid at room temperature |
| LogP | 2.453 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 3 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 5 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 5 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 22 |
| Complexity | 466 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| SMILES | COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)CC2=CN(C(=N)N=C2N)O |
| InChi Key | XAYZHNKZSZREPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C14H18N4O4/c1-20-10-5-8(6-11(21-2)12(10)22-3)4-9-7-18(19)14(16)17-13(9)15/h5-7,19H,4H2,1-3H3,(H3,15,16,17) |
| Chemical Name | 1-hydroxy-2-imino-5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidin-4-amine |
| Synonyms | Trimethoprim N-oxide; 27653-68-5; Trimethoprim N-oxide 1; Trimethoprim 1-oxide; Trimethoprim 1-N-oxide; 1-hydroxy-2-imino-5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidin-4-amine; 1-NO-Trimethoprim; CFX36LL429; |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| Targets | Trimethoprim metabolite |
| ln Vitro | Trimethoprim (TMP) has been widely used since the 1960s, both alone and in combination with sulfamethoxazole. Unfortunately, information regarding the role that cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) play in the formation of TMP primary metabolites is scarce. Hence, we undertook in vitro studies to identify and more fully characterize the P450s that catalyze formation of six TMP primary metabolites: TMP 1-N-oxide (1-NO-TMP) and 3-N-oxide (3-NO-TMP), 3'- and 4'-desmethyl-TMP, a benzylic alcohol (Cα-OH-TMP), and an N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) adduct of TMP (Cα-NAC-TMP). Formation kinetics for each TMP metabolite in human liver microsomes (HLMs) were consistent with single-enzyme Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and Km values were markedly above (≥10-fold) the therapeutic concentrations of TMP (50 µM). The combined results from correlation studies between rates of metabolite formation and marker P450 activities in a panel of HLMs along with inhibition studies utilizing selective P450 inhibitors incubated with pooled HLMs suggested that 1-NO-TMP, Cα-NAC-TMP, and Cα-OH-TMP were predominantly formed by CYP3A4. In contrast, 3-NO-TMP was formed predominantly by CYP1A2 in HLMs and inhibited by α-naphthoflavone. 4'-Desmethyl-TMP, which is believed to be a reactive TMP metabolite precursor, was formed by several P450s, including CYP3A4, correlated with multiple P450 activities, but was inhibited primarily by ketoconazole (up to 50%), suggesting that CYP3A4 makes a major contribution to TMP 4'-demethylation. TMP 3'-demethylation was catalyzed by multiple P450s, including CYP2C9, correlated with CYP2C9 activity, and was inhibited by sulfaphenazole (up to 40%). Overall, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 appear to be the most significant contributors to TMP primary metabolism.[1] |
| References | [1]. In Vitro Hepatic Oxidative Biotransformation of Trimethoprim. Drug Metab Dispos. 2015 Sep;43(9):1372-80. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.2646 mL | 16.3228 mL | 32.6456 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6529 mL | 3.2646 mL | 6.5291 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3265 mL | 1.6323 mL | 3.2646 mL |