Tolperisone HCl (AV650; AV-650; N553; Midocalm; Muscalm; Mydocalm), the hydrochloride salt of tolperisone, is an ion channel blocker and centrally-acting muscle relaxant. It was approved for use in the treatment of pathologically increased tone of the cross-striated muscle caused by neurological diseases (damage of the pyramidal tract, multiple sclerosis, myelopathy, encephalomyelitis) and of spastic paralysis and other encephalopathies manifested with muscular dystonia. Tolperisone reduces sodium and potassium permeability in the node of Ranvier of frogs, blocks calcium currents in snail neurons and inhibits current through heterologously expressed Nav1.6 channels. Tolperisone hydrochloride represents an effective and safe treatment of painful reflex muscle spasm without the typical side effects of centrally active muscle relaxants.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C16H23NO.HCL
Molecular Weight	281.82
Exact Mass	281.154
CAS #	3644-61-9
Related CAS #	Tolperisone-d10 hydrochloride;1185160-65-9
PubChem CID	92965
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Boiling Point	373.9ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	181-183°C
Flash Point	134.4ºC
LogP	4.039
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	2
Rotatable Bond Count	4
Heavy Atom Count	19
Complexity	262
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	Cl[H].O=C(C1C([H])=C([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C=1[H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H]
InChi Key	ZBUVYROEHQQAKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C16H23NO.ClH/c1-13-6-8-15(9-7-13)16(18)14(2)12-17-10-4-3-5-11-17;/h6-9,14H,3-5,10-12H2,1-2H3;1H
Chemical Name	2-Methyl-3-piperidino-1-p-tolylpropan-1-one hydrochloride
Synonyms	Tolperisone HCl; Tolperisone hydrochloride; AV 650; N-553;AV-650; N553;AV650; N553;Midocalm; Muscalm; Mydocalm.
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	In vitro activity: Tolperisone reduces sodium and potassium permeability in the node of Ranvier of frogs, blocks calcium currents in snail neurons and inhibits current through heterologously expressed Nav1.6 channels. Tolperisone hydrochloride represents an effective and safe treatment of painful reflex muscle spasm without the typical side effects of centrally active muscle relaxants.
ln Vivo
Animal Protocol
References	Eur J Pharmacol.2006 May 24;538(1-3):5-14;Pain.1996 Oct;67(2-3):417-25.
Additional Infomation	Tolperisone hydrochloride is an aromatic ketone. A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO:56 mg/mL (198.7 mM) Water:56 mg/mL (198.7 mM) Ethanol:56 mg/mL (198.7 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. Solubility in Formulation 4: 25 mg/mL (88.71 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.5484 mL	17.7418 mL	35.4836 mL
	5 mM	0.7097 mL	3.5484 mL	7.0967 mL
	10 mM	0.3548 mL	1.7742 mL	3.5484 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.