Schisandrin B (γ-Schisandrin; Sch B) is a naturally occuring and the most abundant dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal herb Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) with antioxidant effect on rodent liver and heart. Baill. It has been discovered that schisandrin B inhibits the in vitro lipid peroxidation of isolated rat liver microsomes by the NADPH/ascorbate and cysteine/ferric systems. Sch B was also demonstrated to scavenge superoxide and hydroxyl radicals in vitro using electron spin resonance measurements. Sch B could only deter the peroxidation reaction, in contrast to α-tocopherol'sprooxidantand antioxidant effect on Fe3+-induced lipid peroxidation.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C23H28O6
Molecular Weight	400.46
Exact Mass	400.188
CAS #	61281-37-6
Related CAS #	61281-37-6
PubChem CID	108130
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	545.0±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	220.4±30.0 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±1.4 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.543
LogP	6.46
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	6
Rotatable Bond Count	4
Heavy Atom Count	29
Complexity	544
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	RTZKSTLPRTWFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C23H28O6/c1-12-7-14-9-16(24-3)20(25-4)22(26-5)18(14)19-15(8-13(12)2)10-17-21(23(19)27-6)29-11-28-17/h9-10,12-13H,7-8,11H2,1-6H3
Chemical Name	3,4,5,19-tetramethoxy-9,10-dimethyl-15,17-dioxatetracyclo[10.7.0.02,7.014,18]nonadeca-1(19),2,4,6,12,14(18)-hexaene
Synonyms	Gamma-Schisandrin; Wuweizisu B; Wuweizisu-B; Schizandrin-B
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	P-gp; ATR ( IC50 = 7.25 μM )
ln Vitro	In vitro activity: Schisandrin B has the capacity to cause human leukemia cells and hepatic carcinoma cells to undergo a significant amount of apoptosis.[1] Following UV exposure, schisandrin B reduces the viability of adenocarcinoma cells. Anti-cancer therapy may benefit from schisandrin B's unique inhibitory effect on ATR protein kinase activity, an enzyme that repairs DNA damage in cells.[2] The only molecule that exhibits both cardioprotective properties and dual inhibition of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 is called schisandrin B. This means that it may be used to treat cancers, particularly those that exhibit multidrug resistance.[3][4]
ln Vivo	Schisandrin B has the ability to shield the liver from toxicant exposure. Mice that receive schisandrin B pretreatment are protected against liver damage caused by TNFα or carbon tetrachloride.[5][6][7] Additional research demonstrates that schisandrin B protects against damage caused by free radicals to a number of critical organs, such as the skin, liver, kidney, heart, and brain. [8] Furthermore, it has been discovered that schisandrin B inhibits the epithelial mesenchymal transition at the local invasion stage, thereby reducing cancer invasion and metastasis.[9]
Cell Assay	Schisandrin B demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties by modifying the redox-sensitive transcription factors Nrf2 and NF-κB. The growth and cytokine release of lymphocytes induced by mitogens were suppressed by SB. In order to maintain cellular redox homeostasis and mitoenergetic capacity in neuronal cells, Sch B is thought to act as a hormetic agent and shield neuronal cells from oxidative stress. In microglia-neurons co-cultures, Sch B demonstrated strong neuroprotective effects against inflammatory damage mediated by microglia. Nitrite oxide (NO), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 are among the pro-inflammatory cytokines that Sch B markedly downregulated. Sch B has the ability to suppress TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in 4T1 cells and primary human breast cancer cells.
Animal Protocol	Mice endotoxic shock model 80 mg/kg Intraperitoneally injected (i.p.), single dose
References	[1]. World J Gastroenterol . 2004 Oct 15;10(20):2944-8. [2]. Nucleic Acids Res . 2009 Sep;37(17):5678-89. [3]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 2005 Sep 23;335(2):406-11. [4]. lanta Med . 1995 Oct;61(5):398-401. [5]. Free Radic Biol Med . 1996;21(5):709-12. [6]. Cell Stress Chaperones . 2001 Jan;6(1):44-8. [7]. Biochem Pharmacol . 2006 Sep 28;72(7):824-37. [8]. WFitoterapia . 2011 Apr;82(3):393-400. [9]. PLoS One . 2012;7(7):e40480. [10]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 2005 Sep 23;335(2):406-11.
Additional Infomation	Schisandrin B has been reported in Schisandra sphenanthera, Schisandra propinqua, and other organisms with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 80~100 mg/mL (199.8~249.7 mM) Water: <1 mg/mL Ethanol: ~10 mg/mL (~25.0 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.24 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.24 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.24 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.4971 mL	12.4856 mL	24.9713 mL
	5 mM	0.4994 mL	2.4971 mL	4.9943 mL
	10 mM	0.2497 mL	1.2486 mL	2.4971 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.