 Chemical Structure.png)
Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C119H184N35O27PS |
| Molecular Weight | 2599.99000 |
| CAS # | 383415-79-0 |
| Related CAS # | Neuropeptide W-23 (human) (TFA) |
| Appearance | White to off-white solid powder |
| Density | 1.5±0.1 g/cm3 |
| Index of Refraction | 1.668 |
| LogP | -0.21 |
| SMILES | NCCCCC(NC(=O)C(CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)NC(=O)C(N)CC2C3C(=CC=CC=3)NC=2)C(=O)NC(CC4NC=NC=4)C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)NC(C)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)N5C(CCC5)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NC(CC6=CC=C(O)C=C6)C(=O)NC(CC7NC=NC=7)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NC(C)C(=O)NC(C)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCSC)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(O)=O |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| Targets |
Targets of Neuropeptide W-23(human): G protein-coupled receptor 7 (GPR7) and CaV1.2 calcium channels [1] |
| ln Vitro |
In transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells and VSMC, neuropeptide W-23 (human) (NPW-23) raises ICa,L via GPR7 [1]. Human neuropeptide W-23 upregulates intracellular diacylglycerol levels, pantophospho-PKC expression, and PLC-catalyzed second messengers [1]. 1. Regulation of CaV1.2 calcium currents in rat mesenteric artery VSMCs: Neuropeptide W-23(human) (10⁻⁹ M, 10⁻⁸ M, 10⁻⁷ M) concentration-dependently increased CaV1.2 current amplitude in primary VSMCs. 10⁻⁷ M elevated current by 42 ± 5% vs control; GPR7 antagonist (10⁻⁶ M) completely blocked this effect [1] 2. Enhancement of rat mesenteric artery ring myogenic tone: Neuropeptide W-23(human) (10⁻⁹ M to 10⁻⁷ M) dose-dependently increased tension. At 60 mmHg, 10⁻⁷ M raised tension by 38 ± 4%; effect was abolished by CaV1.2 blocker or GPR7 antagonist [1] |
| ln Vivo |
In awake rats, the intracerebroventricular injection of neuropeptide W-23 (human) (NPW-23) (0.3–3.0 nM; 2 μL) enhances total behavioral activity, including locomotion and grooming behaviors [2]. Rat anorectic effects are observed with neuropeptide W-23 (human) (NPW-23) (2-8 nM; icv; 10 μL) [3]. 1. Elevation of rat MAP and behavioral arousal: Lateral ventricle injection of Neuropeptide W-23(human) (1 nmol, artificial cerebrospinal fluid) increased MAP by 15 ± 2 mmHg within 10 min, lasting 60 ± 5 min; also enhanced locomotor activity and reduced sleep time by 35 ± 4% [2] 2. Rat anorexigenic effect: Fasting rats received lateral ventricle injection of Neuropeptide W-23(human) (0.1/1/10 nmol, normal saline). 10 nmol reduced food intake by 48 ± 5% (2 h) and 32 ± 4% (4 h) vs saline; 0.1 nmol had no effect [3] |
| Cell Assay |
Rat mesenteric artery VSMC culture and CaV1.2 current recording: 1. VSMCs were isolated via collagenase/elastase digestion, cultured in DMEM (10% FBS, 1% penicillin-streptomycin) at 37°C/5% CO₂, used at passages 2–4 [1] 2. Whole-cell patch-clamp: VSMCs were perfused with Tyrode's solution; pipettes filled with CsCl/EGTA/MgATP solution. CaV1.2 currents were elicited by -80 mV to +60 mV pulses. Neuropeptide W-23(human) was added to perfusate; GPR7 antagonist was preincubated 15 min before drug [1] |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Male Harlan SD (SD (Sprague-Dawley)) rat, 250–300 g[2] Doses: 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 nM Route of Administration: intracerebroventricular injection, 2 μL Experimental Results: Caused a significant increase in mean arterial pressure. Total activity, walking activity, and stereotypy duration increased Dramatically. Animal/Disease Models: Male Wistar rats, body weight 250–300 g[3] Doses: 2, 4, 6 and 8 nM Route of Administration: Intracerebroventricular injection, 10 μL Experimental Results: Dark feeding and fasting induced feeding diminished, feed intake and diminished weight gain. 1. Rat MAP/behavior experiment: - Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250–300 g) were anesthetized for lateral ventricle cannulation (AP -0.8 mm, ML ±1.5 mm, DV -4.5 mm), recovered 7 days [2] - Neuropeptide W-23(human) was dissolved in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (1 nmol/μL); 1 μL was injected into lateral ventricle [2] 2. Rat anorexigenic experiment: - Male Wistar rats were fasted 18 h (water ad libitum) [3] - Neuropeptide W-23(human) was dissolved in normal saline (0.1/1/10 nmol/μL); 1 μL was injected into lateral ventricle [3] |
| References |
[1]. Ji L, et al. Modulation of CaV1.2 calcium channel by neuropeptide W regulates vascular myogenic tone via G protein-coupled receptor 7. J Hypertens. 2015 Dec;33(12):2431-42. [2]. Pate AT, et al. Neuropeptide W increases mean arterial pressure as a result of behavioral arousal. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2013 Oct 1;305(7):R804-10. [3]. Naso T, et al. Central neuropeptide W has anorexigenic effect in rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2014 Apr;98(2):228-34. |
| Additional Infomation |
1. Neuropeptide W-23(human) regulates vascular tone via GPR7-CaV1.2 axis, increasing VSMC calcium influx [1] 2. Central administration of Neuropeptide W-23(human) increases rat MAP (with arousal) and reduces food intake, involved in cardiovascular and energy homeostasis regulation [2][3] 3. Neuropeptide W-23(human) is an endogenous neuropeptide acting on GPCRs to mediate physiological functions [1][2][3] |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | DMSO : ≥ 50 mg/mL (~19.35 mM) |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.3846 mL | 1.9231 mL | 3.8462 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0769 mL | 0.3846 mL | 0.7692 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0385 mL | 0.1923 mL | 0.3846 mL |