Kynuramine is an endogenous amine and a fluorescent substrate and probe for plasma amine oxidase.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C9H14CL2N2O
Molecular Weight	237.13
Exact Mass	236.048
CAS #	36681-58-0
Related CAS #	Kynuramine dihydrobromide;304-47-2
PubChem CID	12954979
Appearance	Brown to black solid powder
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	3
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	14
Complexity	159
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	GIUIHRRGPBPUAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C9H12N2O.2ClH/c10-6-5-9(12)7-3-1-2-4-8(7)11;;/h1-4H,5-6,10-11H2;2*1H
Chemical Name	3-amino-1-(2-aminophenyl)propan-1-one;dihydrochloride
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	In vitro, kappamine inhibits alpha-adrenergic receptors on the postsynaptic and presynaptic levels [2]. It has been demonstrated that kynuramine partially agonistically interacts with serotonin receptors in canine cerebral arteries [2]. The ileum frequently contracts slightly when exposed to 20 μg/mL of kynuramine, but this does not change the twitching response to cholinergic stimulation [2].
ln Vivo	It is possible that kynuramine (0.064, 0.32, 1.6, or 8 μg; intracerebroventricular; single dose) regulates female sexual behavior physiologically[3]. Kynuramine (1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg; intravenously; single dose) raises heart rate and blood pressure in intramedullary rats[4].
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Female rats[3]. Doses: 0.064-8 μg. Route of Administration: Intraventricular administration; single does. Experimental Results: Produced facilitation of lordosis behavior. Animal/Disease Models: Male rats (about 200g)[4]. Doses: 1.25-5.0 mg/kg. Route of Administration: iv; single does. Experimental Results: Promoted heart rate and blood pressure.
References	[1]. Kynuramine, a fluorescent substrate and probe of plasma amine oxidase. J Biol Chem. 1977 Nov 25;252(22):8081-4. [2]. T D Johnson, An alpha-adrenoceptor inhibitory action of kynuramine. Eur J Pharmacol. 1981 Jul 10;72(4):351-6. [3]. Intraventricular administration of l-kynurenine and kynuramine facilitates lordosis in the female rat. Eur J Pharmacol. 1987 Oct 27;142(3):447-51. [4]. Blood pressure and heart rate effects of kynuramine in pithed rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1983 Feb 18;87(2-3):323-6.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 125 mg/mL (527.14 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.77 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.77 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	4.2171 mL	21.0855 mL	42.1710 mL
	5 mM	0.8434 mL	4.2171 mL	8.4342 mL
	10 mM	0.4217 mL	2.1085 mL	4.2171 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.