Kirenol (Kirel) is a natural product extracted from Siegesbeckia orientalis with a variety of biological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-oxidant, anti-allergic, and anti-arthritic activities. It is effective against gram-positive bacteria and exhibits anticancer activity against human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells in vitro. Kirenol is capable of promoting osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells through activation of the BMP and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Kirenol can reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, increase anti-inflammatory cytokine production, inhibitcell proliferation and induce apoptosis of CII-specific lymphocytes in vitro.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C20H34O4
Molecular Weight	338.49
Exact Mass	338.245
CAS #	52659-56-0
PubChem CID	15736732
Appearance	Off-white to light yellow solid powder
Density	1.2±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	516.9±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	197.0 to 201.0 °C
Flash Point	233.6±20.5 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±3.1 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.570
LogP	1.78
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	4
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	24
Complexity	518
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	7
SMILES	C[C@@]1(CC[C@@H]2C(=C1)CC[C@H]3[C@]2(C[C@@H](C[C@@]3(C)CO)O)C)[C@H](CO)O
InChi Key	NRYNTARIOIRWAB-JPDRSCFKSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C20H34O4/c1-18(17(24)11-21)7-6-15-13(8-18)4-5-16-19(2,12-22)9-14(23)10-20(15,16)3/h8,14-17,21-24H,4-7,9-12H2,1-3H3/t14-,15-,16-,17+,18+,19+,20+/m1/s1
Chemical Name	(1R)-1-[(2S,4aR,4bS,6S,8R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4b,8-trimethyl-4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-octahydro-3H-phenanthren-2-yl]ethane-1,2-diol
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

References	1.Topical anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of kirenol isolated from Siegesbeckia orientalis, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 137, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 1089-1094, ISSN 0378-8741. 2.Kirenol\nAttenuates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting\nDifferentiation of Th1 and Th17 Cells and Inducing Apoptosis of Effector\nT Cells[J]. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5(1):9022.
Additional Infomation	Kirenol is a diterpenoid. Kirenol has been reported in Sigesbeckia glabrescens, Sigesbeckia orientalis, and Sigesbeckia pubescens with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~295.44 mM) H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (9.60 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 32.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL of normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (9.60 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 32.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (9.60 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 32.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.9543 mL	14.7715 mL	29.5430 mL
	5 mM	0.5909 mL	2.9543 mL	5.9086 mL
	10 mM	0.2954 mL	1.4771 mL	2.9543 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.