Indole-2-carboxylic acid is a potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. Indole-2-carboxylic acid (I2CA) specifically and competitively inhibits the potentiating effect of glycine on NMDA-gated currents.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C₉H₇NO₂
Molecular Weight	161.16
Exact Mass	161.047
CAS #	1477-50-5
Related CAS #	Indole-2-carboxylic acid-13C;1216839-31-4
PubChem CID	72899
Appearance	Light brown to off-white solid powder
Density	1.4±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	419.6±18.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	202-206 °C(lit.)
Flash Point	207.6±21.2 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.726
LogP	2.31
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	2
Rotatable Bond Count	1
Heavy Atom Count	12
Complexity	193
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	HCUARRIEZVDMPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C9H7NO2/c11-9(12)8-5-6-3-1-2-4-7(6)10-8/h1-5,10H,(H,11,12)
Chemical Name	1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid
Synonyms	Indole2carboxylic acid; Indole 2 carboxylic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

References	[1]. 2-Indolecarboxylic acid. [2]. Indole-2-carboxylic Acid: A Competitive Antagonist of Potentiation by Glycine at the NMDA Receptor. Science. 1989 Mar 24;243(4898):1611-3.
Additional Infomation	Indole-2-carboxylic acid is an indolyl carboxylic acid. Indole-2-carboxylic acid has been reported in Strychnos cathayensis and Solanum lycopersicum with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~620.50 mM) H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.51 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.51 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.51 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	6.2050 mL	31.0251 mL	62.0501 mL
	5 mM	1.2410 mL	6.2050 mL	12.4100 mL
	10 mM	0.6205 mL	3.1025 mL	6.2050 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.