Guluronic acid (G2013) is one of the organic components of hyaluronic acid and is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with good anti-inflammatory effects.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C6H10O7
Molecular Weight	194.1394
Exact Mass	194.042
CAS #	15769-56-9
Related CAS #	Guluronic acid sodium
PubChem CID	85090
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
LogP	-2.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	7
Rotatable Bond Count	5
Heavy Atom Count	13
Complexity	191
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	4
SMILES	C(=O)[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)O)O)O
InChi Key	IAJILQKETJEXLJ-KLVWXMOXSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C6H10O7/c7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13/h1-5,8-11H,(H,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	(2S,3R,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-6-oxohexanoic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

References	[1]. Selective and Catalyst-free Oxidation of D-Glucose to D-Glucuronic acid induced by High-Frequency Ultrasound. Sci Rep. 2017;7:40650. Published 2017 Jan 13. [2]. The safety and efficacy of Guluronic acid (G2013) in ankylosing spondylitis: A randomized controlled parallel clinical trial. Pharmacol Rep. 2019;71(3):393-398.
Additional Infomation	See also: D-Guluronic Acid (annotation moved to).

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 5 mg/mL (25.75 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (2.58 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 5.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (2.58 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 5.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (2.58 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 5.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	5.1509 mL	25.7546 mL	51.5092 mL
	5 mM	1.0302 mL	5.1509 mL	10.3018 mL
	10 mM	0.5151 mL	2.5755 mL	5.1509 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.