Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C102H151O39N31 |
| Exact Mass | 260.872 |
| CAS # | 9000-70-8 |
| PubChem CID | 441411 |
| Appearance | White to yellow solid powder |
| Melting Point | 315 °F (NTP, 1992) |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 5 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 4 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 3 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 14 |
| Complexity | 154 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 1 |
| SMILES | CNC[C@@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O.Cl |
| InChi Key | ATADHKWKHYVBTJ-FVGYRXGTSA-N |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C9H13NO3.ClH/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6;/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3;1H/t9-;/m0./s1 |
| Chemical Name | 4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrochloride |
| Synonyms | Gelatins |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation ◉ Summary of Use during Lactation No information is available on the use of epinephrine during breastfeeding. Because of its poor oral bioavailability and short half-life, any epinephrine in milk is unlikely to affect the infant. High intravenous doses of epinephrine might reduce milk production or milk letdown. Low-dose intramuscular (such as Epi-Pen), epidural, topical, inhaled or ophthalmic epinephrine are unlikely to interfere with breastfeeding. To substantially diminish the effect of the drug after using eye drops, place pressure over the tear duct by the corner of the eye for 1 minute or more, then remove the excess solution with an absorbent tissue. Epinephrine is the first line-medication of choice for treatment of anaphylaxis; it should be used in the same manner in breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding patients. ◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk Relevant published information in nursing mothers was not found as of the revision date. Intravenous epinephrine infusion in nonnursing subjects and in women with hyperprolactinemia decreases serum prolactin concentrations. Animal data indicate that intraarterial epinephrine can decrease serum oxytocin and inhibit milk ejection. However, low-dose infusion of epinephrine as part of epidural analgesia does not impair breastfeeding in nursing mothers. The prolactin level in a mother with established lactation may not affect her ability to breastfeed. An Egyptian study compared lidocaine 2% (n = 75) to lidocaine 2% plus epinephrine 1:200,000 (n = 70) as a wound infiltration following cesarean section. Patients who received epinephrine in combination with lidocaine began breastfeeding at 89 minutes following surgery compared to 132 minutes for those receiving lidocaine alone. The difference was statistically significant. |
| References |
Alvin Bacero Bello, et al. Engineering and Functionalization of Gelatin Biomaterials: From Cell Culture to Medical Applications. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2020 Apr;26(2):164-180. |
| Additional Infomation |
Crystals. Used medically as a cardiostimulant. Epinephrine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of the naturally occurring sympathomimetic amine with vasoconstricting, intraocular pressure-reducing, and bronchodilating activities. By stimulating vascular alpha-adrenergic receptors, epinephrine causes vasoconstriction, thereby increasing vascular resistance and blood pressure. When administered in the conjunctiva, this agent binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors in the iris sphincter muscle, resulting in vasoconstriction, a decrease in the production of aqueous humor, and a lowering of intraocular pressure. Through its beta1 receptor-stimulating actions, epinephrine increases the force and rate of myocardial contraction and relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in bronchodilation. The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS. See also: Epinephrine (has active moiety); Epinephrine hydrochloride; lidocaine (component of); Epinephrine Hydrochloride; Lidocaine Hydrochloride (component of) ... View More ... |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | H2O : ~50 mg/mL |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 10 mg/mL (Infinity mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |