Gallein is an inhibitor (blocker/antagonist) of G protein βγ (Gβγ) subunit signaling. Gallein interferes with the interaction of Gβγ subunits with PI3Kγ. Has anti-tumor activity. Gallein is used as a red dye, acid-base indicator and phosphate detection reagent.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C20H12O7
Molecular Weight	364.31
Exact Mass	364.058
CAS #	2103-64-2
PubChem CID	73685
Appearance	Light brown to black solid powder
Density	1.81g/cm3
Boiling Point	687.4ºC at 760mmHg
Melting Point	>300°C
Flash Point	255.2ºC
Vapour Pressure	1.57E-19mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.865
LogP	3.077
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	7
Rotatable Bond Count	0
Heavy Atom Count	27
Complexity	579
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	PHLYOKFVXIVOJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C20H12O7/c21-13-7-5-11-17(15(13)23)26-18-12(6-8-14(22)16(18)24)20(11)10-4-2-1-3-9(10)19(25)27-20/h1-8,21-24H
Chemical Name	3',4',5',6'-tetrahydroxyspiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

References	[1]. Sanz G, et al. Gallein, a Gβγ subunit signalling inhibitor, inhibits metastatic spread of tumour cells expressing OR51E2 and exposed to its odorant ligand. BMC Res Notes. 2017 Oct 30;10(1):541. [2]. Lillie RD, et al. Hematoxylin substitutes: gallein as a biological stain. Stain Technol. 1974 Nov;49(6):339-46.
Additional Infomation	Gallein is a xanthene dye that is fluoran carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 3', 4', 5' and 6'. It has a role as a fluorochrome, a histological dye and a G-protein-coupled receptor antagonist. It is a gamma-lactone, a polyphenol, a xanthene dye, an oxaspiro compound, an organic heteropentacyclic compound and a member of 2-benzofurans. It is functionally related to a fluoran.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 33.33 mg/mL (91.49 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.86 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.86 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.7449 mL	13.7246 mL	27.4492 mL
	5 mM	0.5490 mL	2.7449 mL	5.4898 mL
	10 mM	0.2745 mL	1.3725 mL	2.7449 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.