Diatrizoate Sodium is an X-ray contrast agent. By obstructing X-rays, the diatrizoate sodium drug enables the differentiation between iodine-containing and iodine-free body structures. Radiography, angiography, and urography all use this as a diagnostic tool.
Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C11H8I3N2NAO4 |
| Molecular Weight | 635.89 |
| Exact Mass | 635.751 |
| Elemental Analysis | C, 20.78; H, 1.27; I, 59.87; N, 4.41; Na, 3.62; O, 10.06 |
| CAS # | 737-31-5 |
| Related CAS # | Diatrizoic acid;117-96-4 |
| PubChem CID | 23672589 |
| Appearance |
Rhombic needles White crystals |
| Boiling Point | 614.1ºC at 760 mmHg |
| Melting Point | 261-262 °C (decomposes) |
| Flash Point | 325.2ºC |
| LogP | 1.926 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 2 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 4 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 3 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 21 |
| Complexity | 396 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| SMILES | IC1C(=C(C(C(=O)[O-])=C(C=1N([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])=O)I)I)N([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])=O.[Na+] |
| InChi Key | ZEYOIOAKZLALAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C11H9I3N2O4.Na/c1-3(17)15-9-6(12)5(11(19)20)7(13)10(8(9)14)16-4(2)18;/h1-2H3,(H,15,17)(H,16,18)(H,19,20);/q;+1/p-1 |
| Chemical Name | sodium;3,5-diacetamido-2,4,6-triiodobenzoate |
| Synonyms | Diatrizoate sodium; Hypaque; MD-50; MD50; MD 50; Urovist Sodium; Triombrin |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.03.00 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| ln Vitro | For two to twenty-four hours, HK-2 cells were treated to either a vehicle or 0–30 mg I/mL sodium diatrizoate (sodium diatrizoate salt). According to the MTT and trypan blue exclusion experiments, cell viability and mitochondrial content drop after two and twenty-four hours, respectively [2]. |
| ln Vivo | Sodium diatrizoate is an iodinated radiographic contrast agent. After insufflation of sodium diatrizoate nanoparticle aggregates, histological analysis of rat lung tissue revealed no acute toxicity or inflammation. Sodium diatrizoate nanoparticle agglomerates present a promising alternative for safe and efficient lung visualization [1]. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion Radioiodine is excreted in human milk during lactation. It is not known whether GLOFIL-125 is excreted in human milk. The renal clearance of sodium iothalamate in man closely approximates that of inulin. The compound is cleared by glomerular filtration without tubular secretion or reabsorption. Biological Half-Life Following infusion administration of I-125 iothalamate, the effective half-life is about 0.07 days. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation ◉ Summary of Use during Lactation Intravenous iodinated contrast media are poorly excreted into breastmilk and poorly absorbed orally so they are not likely to reach the bloodstream of the infant or cause any adverse effects in breastfed infants. Guidelines developed by several professional organizations state that breastfeeding need not be disrupted after a nursing mother receives an iodine-containing contrast medium. However, because there is no published experience with iothalamate during breastfeeding, other agents may be preferred, especially while nursing a newborn or preterm infant. ◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date. Non-Human Toxicity Values LD50 Rat intravenous 14,700 mg/kg LD50 Mouse intramuscular 20,349 mg/kg LD50 Mouse intravenous 1400 mg/kg LD50 Cat intravenous 11,300 mg/kg LD50 Dog intravenous 13,200 mg/kg |
| References |
[1]. Dry powdered aerosols of diatrizoic acid nanoparticle agglomerates as a lung contrast agent. Int J Pharm. 2010 May 31;391(1-2):305-12. [2]. Radiocontrast Agent Diatrizoic Acid Induces Mitophagy and Oxidative Stress via Calcium Dysregulation. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Aug 21;20(17):4074. |
| Additional Infomation |
Sodium amidotrizoate is the sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography. It has a role as a radioopaque medium. It is an organoiodine compound and an organic sodium salt. It contains an amidotrizoic acid anion. Diatrizoate Sodium is an iodinated radiopaque X-ray contrast medium. Diatrizoate sodium blocks X-rays, thereby allowing body structures containing iodine to be delineated in contrast to those structures that do not contain iodine and allowing visualization of these areas. This contrast agent is used as a diagnostic aid in angiography, urography and radiography. (NCI05) See also: Diatrizoic Acid (has active moiety); Diatrizoate Meglumine; Diatrizoate Sodium (component of). Therapeutic Uses GLOFIL-125 (Sodium Iothalamate I-125 Injection) is indicated for evaluation of glomerular filtration in the diagnosis or monitoring of patients with renal disease. Drug Warnings Contrast Media As in the use of any radioactive material, care should be taken to minimize radiation exposure to the patient, consistent with proper patient management, and to insure minimum radiation exposure to occupational workers. Rapid or bolus-like injections should be avoided. Radiopharmaceuticals should be used only by physicians who are qualified by training and experience in the safe use and handling of radionuclides. For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for Iothalamate (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | DMSO: ~100 mg/mL (~157.3 mM) |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 33.33 mg/mL (52.41 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.5726 mL | 7.8630 mL | 15.7260 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3145 mL | 1.5726 mL | 3.1452 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1573 mL | 0.7863 mL | 1.5726 mL |