DHBP dibromide (Diheptylviologen dibromide) is a potent inhibitor for calcium release and a muscle relaxant. It is also a heptyl viologen that can be used as an electrochromic (EC) material. It forms a highly efficient quenching system for conjugated polyelectrolyte for the development of organic electronics. It also acts as a redox active electrolyte for electrochemical devices (ECDs).

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C₂₄H₃₈BR₂N₂
Molecular Weight	514.3799
Exact Mass	512.14
CAS #	6159-05-3
PubChem CID	80262
Appearance	Light yellow to yellow solid powder
Melting Point	285 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	2
Rotatable Bond Count	13
Heavy Atom Count	28
Complexity	282
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	VRXAJMCFEOESJO-UHFFFAOYSA-L
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C24H38N2.2BrH/c1-3-5-7-9-11-17-25-19-13-23(14-20-25)24-15-21-26(22-16-24)18-12-10-8-6-4-2/h13-16,19-22H,3-12,17-18H2,1-2H32*1H/q+2/p-2
Chemical Name	1,1′-Diheptyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dibromide
Synonyms	DHPB Diheptylviologen bromide, Diheptylviologen dibromide, Heptylviologen dibromide
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro

DHBP has IC50 values of 5 μg/mL and 4 μg/mL, respectively, and inhibits calcium release caused by 2 mM caffeine and 2 μg/mL polylysine. In a dose-dependent manner, DHBP blocks [3H]-ryanodine binding with an IC50 of 2.5 μg/mL and 90–100% inhibition at 20–30 μg/mL. Caffeine decreased SR's ability to absorb calcium, while DHBP added concurrently reversed this inhibitory effect. Both contractions brought on by 1 fLM ryanodine or 10 mM caffeine as well as twitches brought on by direct electrical muscle stimulation were inhibited by DHBP pretreatment. By directly interacting with calcium release channels, sometimes referred to as ryanodine receptors, DHBP inhibits the release of calcium from SR [1].

References

[1]. Effects of bipyridylium compounds on calcium release from triadic vesicles isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle. Br J Pharmacol. 1994 Aug;112(4):1216-22.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)	H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~194.41 mM) DMSO : ≥ 30 mg/mL (~58.32 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)	Solubility in Formulation 1: 50 mg/mL (97.20 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.9441 mL	9.7204 mL	19.4409 mL
	5 mM	0.3888 mL	1.9441 mL	3.8882 mL
	10 mM	0.1944 mL	0.9720 mL	1.9441 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.