CHM-1 is a microtubule destabilizer that can inhibit tubulin polymerization. CHM-1 displays potent and specific anti-tumor effects against human liver cancer mitosis. CHM-1 induces G2-M phase arrest in human hepatoma cells by activating Cdc2 kinase activity, thereby inducing cell growth inhibition and apoptosis.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C16H10FNO3
Molecular Weight	283.25
Exact Mass	283.064
CAS #	154554-41-3
PubChem CID	375860
Appearance	Off-white to light yellow solid powder
LogP	3.062
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	5
Rotatable Bond Count	1
Heavy Atom Count	21
Complexity	466
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	ZMYDAPJHGNEFGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C16H10FNO3/c17-11-4-2-1-3-9(11)12-6-14(19)10-5-15-16(21-8-20-15)7-13(10)18-12/h1-7H,8H2,(H,18,19)
Chemical Name	6-(2-fluorophenyl)-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinolin-8(5H)-one
Synonyms	CHM-1 CHM1CHM 1 NSC-656158 NSC656158 NSC 656158
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	In HA22T, Hep3B, and HepG2 cells, CHM-1 (0-100 μM; 24 hours) significantly inhibits growth in a concentration-dependent manner, with HA22T cells showing the strongest effect (IC50 = 0.75 μM)[1]. In HA22T cells, CHM-1 (0-10 μM; 24 hours) dramatically boosts cyclin B1's binding to Cdc2 [1].
ln Vivo	The growth of HA22T tumors is dose-dependently inhibited by CHM-1 (10 mg/kg; IP) [1].
Cell Assay	Cell Viability Assay[1] Cell Types: HA22T, Hep3B and HepG2 Cell Tested Concentrations: 0-100 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Induction of cell cycle G2-M arrest, followed by apoptosis. Western Blot Analysis [1] Cell Types: HA22T Cell Tested Concentrations: 0-10 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Induced changes in the expression and phosphorylation status of G2-M regulatory factors in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Male severe combined immunodeficiency mice (HA22T) [1] Doses: 10 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection Experimental Results: Induced dose-dependent HA22T tumor growth inhibition.
References	[1]. CHM-1, a novel synthetic quinolone with potent and selective antimitotic antitumor activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008 Feb;7(2):350-60. [2]. CHM-1, a novel microtubule-destabilizing agent exhibits antitumor activity via inducing the expression of SIRT2 in human breast cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2018 Jun 1;289:98-108. [3]. CHM-1, a new vascular targeting agent, induces apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells via p53-mediated death receptor 5 up-regulation. J Biol Chem. 2010 Feb 19;285(8):5497-506.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~5 mg/mL (~17.65 mM) H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.5305 mL	17.6523 mL	35.3045 mL
	5 mM	0.7061 mL	3.5305 mL	7.0609 mL
	10 mM	0.3530 mL	1.7652 mL	3.5305 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.